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Uts > CHAPTER 1: WHO AM I? A PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNEY TO DISCOVERING THE SELF > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1: WHO AM I? A PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNEY TO DISCOVERING THE SELF Flashcards

1
Q

Know Thyself

A

Socrates (469 - 399 BC)

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2
Q

Trivia: Socrates never wrote a book and most of the things we knew about him came from___

A

Xenophon.

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3
Q

Born in Athens and married with several children.

A

Socrates (469 - 399 BC)

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4
Q

He is also known as the market philosopher because of his penchant for engaging youth in philosophizing in the public market.

A

Socrates (469 - 399 BC)

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5
Q

can be restored through the process of dialectic method

A

Knowledge

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6
Q

a sort of intellectual midwifery trying to painfully coax knowledge out of man.

A

Dialectic Method

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7
Q

is an exchange of questions and answers that ultimately aims to make the person remember all the knowledge that has been forgotten, including his former omniscient self.

A

The Socratic Method

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8
Q

If we are ever to have pure knowledge of anything, we must get rid of the body and contemplate things by themselves with the soul by Itself.

A

Plato (427 - 347 BCE)

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9
Q
  • He was born into an aristocratic Athenian family which is involved in the rules of thirty tyrants.
  • Considered as the prototype of the modern university.
  • His philosophy is the dichotomy of the ideal world or the world of forms and the material world.
A

Plato (427 - 347 BCE)

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10
Q

The World of Forms is the permanent unchanging reality as opposed to the world of materials which keeps on changing

A

Plato (427 - 347 BCE)

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11
Q

it is the soul in which the true self the permanent.

A

Unchanging Self

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12
Q

what we see in the material world, is not the real self but only a replica of our true self.

A

Changing Body

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13
Q

The soul exists before birth and leaves room for the possibility that it might survive bodily death.

A

Plato (427 - 347 BCE)

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14
Q
  • The soul exists before birth and leaves room for the possibility that it might survive bodily death.
  • Contemplation entails communion of the mind with universal and eternal ideas. We continue to exist even in the absence of our bodies because we are souls only.
A

Plato (427 - 347 BCE)

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15
Q

“But my sin was this, that I looked for pleasure, beauty, and truth not in Him but in myself and his other creatures, and the search led me instead to pain, confusion, and error.”

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

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16
Q

Self confessed sinner from North America.

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

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17
Q

Became the bishop of Canterbury was greatly inspired by Plato.

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

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18
Q

He abandoned his early christian faith because he found it difficult to reconcile a loving, all knowing and all powerful God

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

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19
Q

Encounter with the Neo-Platonists and the idea of the world of forms gave him a philosophical strongpoint for the idea of God

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

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20
Q

Paved the way for his return to the folds of Christianity.

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

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21
Q

Differentiated what is the real world and the temporary world.

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

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22
Q

According to him [AD 426] our world (material word) is not our final home but just a temporary home where we are just passing through. Our real world is found in the world where there is permanence and infinity.

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

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23
Q

This world is only found where God is. Only God is fully real as the unchanging permanent being.

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

24
Q

He sees God as the ultimate expression of love.

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

25
Q

Moral law exists and is imposed on the mind.
Reasons make us recognize these laws and thus, we can discern the distinction between right and wrong.

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

26
Q

Eternal Law - is the law of conscience and this is that small still voice that tells us instinctively whether our actions are morally good or bad.

A

Augustine (354 - 430)

27
Q

Trivia: He was hired to tutor Queen Christina of Sweden but soon after, he died of pneumonia because his health couldn’t take the 5am start of lesson required by the Queen.

A

Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650)

28
Q

Considered as the Father of Modern Philosophy.
Also a brilliant mathematician (Note: Cartesian
Geometry)

A

Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650)

29
Q

“Minds are things, but different sorts of things from bodies”

A

Gilbert Ryle (1900 - 1976)

30
Q

Englishman’s philosophy centers on language.

A

Gilbert Ryle (1900 - 1976)

31
Q

“We do have an organ for understanding and recognizing moral facts. It is called the Brain.”

A

Paul Churchland (b. 1942)

32
Q

Known for his eliminative materialism.
- American professor for the University of California.
He believes that the self is the brain
The term “mind”, our moods, emotions, actions, and consciousness is affected by the state of our brain.

A

Paul Churchland (b. 1942)

33
Q

physical presence of a person.

A

Body

34
Q

a term coined by philosopher Gilbert Ryle that refers to a type of informal fallacy in which things that belong to one grouping are mistakenly placed in another.

A

Category mistake-

35
Q

a term coined by philosopher Gilbert Ryle that refers to a type of informal fallacy in which things that belong to one grouping are mistakenly placed in another.

A

Category mistake-

36
Q

position that mental phenomena are, in some respect, non-physical and that as a result the mind and physical body are not identical.

A

Dualism-

37
Q

refers to the essence of a thing, that which makes it what it is.

A

Form (in Greek Morphe)-

38
Q

refers to common “stuff” that makes up the material universe.

A

Matter (Greek, Hyle)

39
Q

considered as a separate part of the body which is unseen.

A

Mind-

40
Q

Interchanged ar times with the concept of mind. Considered as that part of the body that transcends the death of the body.

A

Soul-

41
Q

is our personal knowledge of who we are, encompassing all of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves physically, personally, and socially. Self-concept also includes our knowledge of how we behave, our capabilities, and our individual characteristics.

A

Self-concept

42
Q

in psychology is “actual genuine information one possesses about oneself’ (Morin & Racy, 2021, p. 373). This includes information about our emotional state, personality traits, relationships, behavioral patterns, opinions, beliefs, values, needs, goals, preferences, and social identity (Morin & Racy, 2021). Self-knowledge results from self-reflective and social processes (Morin & Racy, 2021).

A

Self-knowledge

43
Q

“Minds are things, but different sorts of things from bodies”

A

Gilbert Ryle (1900 - 1976)

44
Q

What worries you, masters you.
(An essay concerning human understanding, 1689)

A

John Locke (1632-1704)

45
Q

Trivia: Known as the Father of Classical Liberalism because of his contribution to the formation of Human Rights.

A

John Locke (1632-1704)

46
Q
  • He is the first of the great British empiricist philosophers and is widely credited for laying the foundation of human rights.
  • His commitment to the idea that sovereign should be the people and not the monarch.
  • The influence of Descartes in his work is seen in his dualism.
A

John Locke (1632-1704)

47
Q
  • He is the first of the great British empiricist philosophers and is widely credited for laying the foundation of human rights.
  • His commitment to the idea that sovereign should be the people and not the monarch.
  • The influence of Descartes in his work is seen in his dualism.
A

John Locke (1632-1704)

48
Q
  • He thinks that our identity is not locked in the mind, soul, or body only.
  • Included the concept of a person’s memory in the definition of the Self.
A

John Locke (1632-1704)

49
Q

Reason is, and ought only to be
Ice ten there ant tay ten. (em heas o other
Nature, 1738)

A

David Hume (1711 - 1776)

50
Q

Born in Scotland, he was a lawyer but is known more for the history book that he wrote - History of England.

A

David Hume (1711 - 1776)

51
Q

are things we perceive through our senses as we experience them.

A

Impressions

52
Q

are things that we create in our minds even though we are no longer experiencing them.

A

Ideas

53
Q

is just a fiction produced by our imagination (Law, 2007).

A

“enduring self”

54
Q

“All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the understanding, and ends with reason. There is nothing higher than reason.” (The Critique of Pure Reason).

A

Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804)

55
Q
  • Citizen of Konigsberg, East Prussia.
  • Considered as one of the giants in Philosophy though he barely stands five feet tall.
A

Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804)

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