Chapter 1 - What is Statistics?

Question 1

Why do we study statistics?

Answer 1

• numerical information is everything
• statistical techniques are used in decisions
• help make educated decisions

Question 2

What is Statistics?

Answer 2

The science of; collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist decision making

Question 3

Types of Statistics

Answer 3

Descriptive
Inferential
Population
Sample

Question 4

Descriptive

Answer 4

Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way.

Question 5

Inferential

Answer 5

Methods used to estimate property of a population, based on sample.

Question 6

Population

Answer 6

The entire set of individuals or objects of interest or the measurements obtained from all objects/individuals of interest.

Question 7

Sample

Answer 7

A portion, or part, of the population of interest.

Question 8

Types of Variables

Answer 8

Qualitative/Attribute

Quantitative

Question 9

Qualitative/Attribute

Answer 9

Characteristics being studied are nonnumeric

Ex. A classification of students in your university by the province of birth, gender ect.

Question 10

Quantitative

Answer 10

Information is reported numerically

Ex. Balance in checking account

Question 11

Types of Quantitative Variables

Answer 11

Discrete

Continuous

Question 12

Discrete

Answer 12

can only assume certain values and there are usually “gaps” between values.
Ex. The number of bedrooms in a house

Question 13

Continuous

Answer 13

Can assume any values within a specific range

Ex. The weight of a pork chop

Question 14

The 4 levels of measurement

Answer 14

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Question 15

Ratio

Answer 15

Level of measurement in which observations of a qualitative variable can only be classified and counted
Ex. eye colour, gender

Question 16

Ordinal

Answer 16

Data arranged in some order, but differences between data values cannot be determined.
Ex. Students can rate a professor on a scale of: Poor, fair, average, good, excellent

Question 17

Interval

Answer 17

Ranking of characteristics of the ordinal level and in addition the difference between the values is a constant size.
Ex. Temperature, shoe size.

Question 18

Ratio

Answer 18

All characteristics of the interval level, in addition, the zero point is meaningful and the ratio between two numbers is meaningful.
Ex. Monthly income of surgeons