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Intro To Sociology > Chapter 1: What Is Sociology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: What Is Sociology Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Scientific knowledge

A

Comprehensive, clear, consistent

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2
Q

Sociology

A

The study of society; groups with patterned ways

Large insititutions, mass culture, small groups, relationships

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3
Q

Howard Becker

A

Believed as the study”doing things together”

No one lives in isolation; we’re all human beings

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4
Q

Disciplines that use the scientific method to examine the social world but also mixes with natural science (history, geography, psychology, political science

A

Social science

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5
Q

Looks at the individual in the relationship to external social forces

A

Sociological Perspective

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6
Q

Beginners Mind

A

Approaching the world in a new way w/o facts, projections, assumptions, opinions, and explanations

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7
Q

Model for understanding self and society

A

Paradigm shift

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8
Q

Person making a choice, and dealing with consequences as well as rewards

A

Individualism

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9
Q

Culture shock

A

Feeling of disorientation/ out of place when your in a new environment
(Ex. Going to a new country)
Someone may find your life just as foreign

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10
Q

Sociological imagination

A

Things not happening by chance,, circumstances, or matter of character. But from specifics from cultural & historical context
(Ex. Outsourcing, migration patterns, downsizing)

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11
Q

Diversity

A

Variety of people that make of gender, race, age, social class, disability status, ethnicity, religions etc.

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12
Q

Social system

A

Taking the positions, ideas, and other elements thinking what the results will be as a whole.
Individuals = social systems

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13
Q

The initial small difference in the beginning of success or opportunity and gets bigger

A

Accumulative advantage

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14
Q

Microsociology

A

Level of analysis that studies face to face and small group interactions in order to understand how they affect larger patterns

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15
Q

Macrosociology

A

Level analysis that studies large scale social structures in order to determine how they affect lives of groups/individuals

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16
Q

Abstract propositions that explain the social world and make predictions

A

Theories

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17
Q

Structural Functionalism (functionalist theory)

A

Emile Durkheim

  • society is a unified whole that functions b/c of the contributions of its separate functions
  • most dominant theoretical perspective into 20th century
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18
Q

Mechanical Solidarity

A

Emile Durkheim

- Bond together by shared traditions, beliefs, and experiences

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19
Q

Organic Solidarity

A

Emile Durkheim

  • people’s bonds were based on the tasks they performed, interdependence & individual rights
  • more in industrial societies at the time
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20
Q

Sense of disconnection brought about by changing conditions of modern life

A

Anomie

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21
Q

Solidarity

A

Integration/unity within a particular society. Individuals feel connected to other members of the group
(Ex. Religion- power source, reinforces collective bonds and shared moral values)

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22
Q

The holy, divine, or supernatural

A

Sacred

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23
Q

The ordinary, mundane, or everyday

A

Profane

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24
Q

Collective Effervescence

A

An intense energy on shared events where people feel swept up in something larger than themselves
(Ex. Live concert, sporting event)

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25
Q

Collective conscience

A

Shared morals/ beliefs that are common to a group and which foster social solidarity
- group must be frequently renewed thru the ritual( common religious tradition)

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26
Q

Empirical Method

A

Based on scientific experimentation or observation

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27
Q

Structures ( 1 of 2 main principles of functionalism)

A

Society is conceived as a stable over time & meets the needs of society by performing functions necessary to maintain order & stability
(Ex. Family, educational system, politics, economy)
- If structure is transformed, the others must adjust

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28
Q

Dysfunction ( 1 of 2 principles of functionalism)

A

A disturbance to or undesirable consequence of some aspect of the social system
( ex. Families don’t discipline kids, schools, church)

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29
Q

Social cohesion

A

Shared religion and moral values

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30
Q

Manifest function

A

Robert Merton

- the obvious, intended, functions of social structure for the social system

31
Q

Latent function

A

Robert Merton

- less obvious, unintended functions

32
Q

Advantages of functionalism

A

Attempts to provide universal social theory

Ability to bring order to a potentially disorderly world

33
Q

Cons of Functionalism

A

Provides little insight to social processes b/c it’s model of society is static then dynamic
Focus on macro level

34
Q

Conflict theory

A

Sees social conflict as basis of society & social change, & emphasizes a materialist view of the status quo

  • dynamic model of historical change
  • 2nd major thought in sociology
35
Q

Unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of society

A

Social inequality

36
Q

Karl Marx

A

Conflict theory

“Marxism”

37
Q

Political system based on the collective ownership of the means of production; opposed to capitalism

A

Communism

38
Q

Conflict

A

Generated by competition Mong different class groups for scarce resources and the source of all social change

39
Q

Emerging economic system based on the private for-profit operation of industry

A

Capitalism

40
Q

Means of production

A

Anything that can create more wealth

money, property, factories

41
Q

Proletariat

A

Workers; have no means of production

42
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Owners, modern capitalist

43
Q

Alienation

A

Sense of dissatisfaction the modern worker feels as a result of producing goods that are owned and controlled by someone else

44
Q

Every person contributes too and benefits from the public good

A

Socialism

45
Q

Ideology

A

System of beliefs, attitudes, and values that direct a society & reproduces the status quo of the bourgeoisie

46
Q

False consciousness

A

Denial of the truth on the part of the oppressed when they fail to recognize the interests of the ruling class

47
Q

Class Consciousness

A

Recognition of the social inequality of the part of the oppressed, leading to revolutionary action

48
Q

Dialectical Model (Marx)

A

Historical/ Social change, whereby 2 extreme positions would eventually create some kind of compromise b/w them resulting in a “middle ground”

49
Q

Existing social arrangements in a dialectical model

A

Thesis

50
Q

Opposition to the existing arrangements in a dialectical model

A

Antithesis

51
Q

New social system created out of the conflict b/w thesis and antithesis in a dialectical model

A

Synthesis

52
Q

Critical theory( Marxism)

A

Contemporary form of conflict theory that criticizes many different systems & ideologies of domination and oppression

53
Q

Feminist theory

A

(20th century)

Looks at gender inequalities in society, and the way that gender structures the social world

54
Q

Queer theory

A

Proposes that categories of sexual identity. No sexual category is fundamentally either deviant or normal

55
Q

Practical action that is taken on the basis of intellectual or theoretical understanding

A

Praxis

56
Q

Conflict theory

A

Useful in understanding macro and micro level. Analyzes social arrangements existence doesn’t mean beneficial, it may merely represent the interest of those in power

57
Q

Practical knowledge

A

Can’t explain in technical way

58
Q

Rationalization

A

Application of economic logic to all spheres of human activity

59
Q

Bureaucracies

A

Groups designed to perform tasks efficiently; characterized by specialization, hierarchy, and written rules

60
Q

Max Weber’s description of modern life. We’re all caught in bureaucracies structures that control our lives through rigid rules

A

Iron Cage

61
Q

Disenchantment

A

Rationalization of modern society, inevitable result of dehumanizing features of bureaucracies

62
Q

Versthen

A

“Empathic understanding”

63
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

Focuses on how people make sense of the world through day to day decisions
Life is a stage play

64
Q

Assumes organisms (including humans) make practical adaptions to their environments; humans do this through cognition, interpretation, and interaction

A

Progmatism

65
Q

Dramaturgy

A

Describe the ways in which we engage in a strategic presentation of ourselves to others

66
Q

(Study of folk methods) maintains that members of society must acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to act practically in out every day lives
( make meaning out of troublesome or ambiguous events)

A

Ethnomethdology

67
Q

Conversation analysis

A

Looks at how we create meaning in naturally occurring conversation, often by taping and examining conversations

68
Q

Suggests that social reality is diverse, pluralistic, and constantly in flux

A

Postmodernism

69
Q

Places trust in the power of science and technology to create progress, solve problems, and improve life

A

Modernism

70
Q

Deconstruction

A

Type of critical post modern analysis that involves taking apart or disassembling old ways of thinking

71
Q

Mid-range theory

A

Integrates empiricism and grand theory, provides ands overarching, comprehensive explanation of society as a whole

72
Q

Contest/ Battlefield

A

Conflict theory

73
Q

“Clock”

A

Structural functionalist

74
Q

“Stage play”

A

Symbolic interaction and

Intro To Sociology (1 decks)

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