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a1 > Chapter 1 (Week 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (Week 1) Flashcards

1
Q

what is an astronomical unit (AU)

A

the distance from Earth to Sun 1AU = 1.5 x 10^8 km

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2
Q

what is a light year

A

1 ly = 9.5 x 10^12km (300,000 km/s)
1 ly = (speed of light)*(1 year)

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3
Q

what is the difference between a mega-year and giga-year

A

A mega year is 1,000,000 years, a Giga year is 1,000,000,000 year

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4
Q

Angles what is an arcminute and arc second

A

arcminutes(‘): 60’= 1 degree
arcsecond (‘’): 60’’= 1’ Therefore 3600’’ = 1 degree

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5
Q

what is a solar system

A

A star (or multiple stars) orbited by planets, moons, and debris (asteroid, comets, and dust)

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6
Q

What is the order of our solar system

A

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
M.V.E.M.J.S.U.N

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7
Q

What planets are in the inner solar system

A

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars

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8
Q

What planets are in the outer solar system

A

Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

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9
Q

What are terrestrial planets? Which planets in our Solar system are Terrestial

A

“terrestrial” means earth like
- composed mainly of rocks
- small in size
- thin or no atmosphere
- few moons
These are the same planets that are in our inner solar system so this includes M.V.E.M

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10
Q

What are gas planets? Which planets in our Solar system are gas giants

A

“Jovian” menas Jupiter like
- composed of mainly gas and liquid with small rock core
- mainly light elements like hydrogen and helium
- large in size
- many moons
- rings
This includes planets from our outer solar system so J.S.U.N.

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11
Q

How big is Jupiter relative to the Earth?

A

Earth is 10x smaller than Jupiter. Essentially you could fit 1,000 Earths in Jupiter.

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12
Q

What are some facts about Mercury

A
  • no atmosphere
  • highly cratered surface
  • no moons
  • rocky exterior
  • huge iron core
  • Always stationary so one side is always facing the sun whilst the other faces space. Huge differences in temperature.
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13
Q

What are some facts about Venus

A
  • thick CO2 atmosphere
  • lots of possible volcanoes
  • no moons
  • same size of earth
  • runaway green house effect = very hot
  • rotates very slowly and upside down
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14
Q

What are some facts about Earth

A
  • wet planet
  • atmosphere of nitrogen and oxygen
  • active volcanoes
  • big moons
  • only currently habitable planet in the solar system
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15
Q

What are some facts about Mars?

A
  • very thin CO2 atmosphere
  • huge but extinct volcanoes
  • subsurface water and evidence for liquid water on the surface in the past (pebbles on mars look similar to rocks in river beds on earth)
  • home to Olympus Mons ( the largest volcano)
  • Home to Valles Marineris (a huge canyon system)
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16
Q

Where and what is the Asteroid Belt

A

The asteroid Belt is in between Mars and Jupiter.
- it has millions of rocks and “rubble pile”
- lots of space through them almost 1 million km
- Jupiters gravity prevents these from coalescing into another planet

17
Q

What are some facts about Jupiter

A
  • the largest planet in our solar system
  • thick gaseous atmosphere of hydrogen surrounding liquid hydrogen interior
  • possibly rocky core
  • many moons
  • faint rings
  • four large moons I.E.G.C
18
Q

What are some facts about Saturn

A
  • composed of gas/light elements (hydrogen and helium)
  • rocky core
  • rings of ice and boulders things 1 meter in diameter, orbit in a very thin band
  • 60+ moons
19
Q

What are some facts about Uranus

A
  • composed of ice as well as gas “ice giant”
  • blue colour due to methane in the atmosphere
  • small solid core
  • Many moons
  • faint rings
  • Rotates on its side 90-degree tilt
20
Q

What are some facts about Neptune

A
  • composed of ice as well as gas “ice giant”
  • blue colour due to methane in the atmosphere
  • small solid core
  • many moons
  • faint rings
  • similar to uranus
21
Q

What is beyond Neptune?

A
  • Trans Neptunian objects, includes dwarf planets (Pluto) which are small and have icy bodies
  • Kuiper Belt, ring or disk of comets orbiting beyond Neptune, leftover material from the formation of the solar system
  • Oort Cloud, a spherical cloud of about a trillion comets to 50,000 AU
    -Onmuamua, an interstellar asteroid, originated in another solar system, ejected by gravitational perturbation and flew through our solar system.
22
Q

What is the nearest star from the earth except for the sun?

A

Proxima Centauri

23
Q

What is our Cosmic Address?

A

(largest to smallest) Earth, Solar system, Milky way galaxy, Local Group, Virgo Supercluster, Observable universe

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