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Electrical Science Common Group B > Chapter 1- Voltage, Current and Resistance > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Voltage, Current and Resistance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom

A

• Smallest particle of an element that retains its characteristics (Examples : Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon),and is characterized by a sharing of the chemical properties of the element and a nucleus with neutrons, protons and electrons.

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2
Q

What gives the atomic number of an element

A
  • The number of protons gives the atomic number of an element.
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3
Q

View the periodic table here

A
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4
Q

Give the charge for the protons, neutrons and electrons of an atom

A
  • Protons are positively charged particles
  • Neutrons are uncharged particles
  • Electrons are negatively charged particles
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5
Q

In its normal/neutral state, what does an atom have?

A

In its normal or neutral state, an atom has an equal number of protons and electrons.

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6
Q

What does each of the known elements have

A

• Each of the known elements has a unique atom structure and a unique atomic number

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7
Q

In the periodic table, atoms are arranged according to what?

A

In the periodic table, atoms are arranged according to their atomic number

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8
Q

The positive charge of a proton is equal to what? Why?

A

• The positive charge of a proton is equal and opposite to the one of an electron, because positive charge cancels the negative charge, therefore, the atom has a net charge of zero

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9
Q

What is electrical charge symbolised by? Why?

A

• Electrical charge is symbolised by Q, because:

Q is charge in coulombs (C)

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10
Q

What is static electricity

A

Static electricity is the presence of a net positive or negative charge in a material

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11
Q

What number determines the characteristics of the element?

A

The atomic number determines the characteristics of the element

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12
Q

What are the same in all elements, but their numbers differ?

A

Smaller particles like electrons or protons

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13
Q

Each atom of the known 109 elements have a unique number of what?

A

Each atom of the known 109 elements has a unique number of protons

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14
Q

What is referred to as ‘‘atomic number’’, that all 109 elements have a unique number of?

A

Protons

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15
Q

Elements in the periodic table are arranged according to what?

A

their atomic number

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16
Q

What number determines the characteristics of an element?

A

The atomic number

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17
Q

In an atom, what forms the nucleus?

A

Neutrons and Protons

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18
Q

What orbits the nucleus in an atom?

A

Electrons orbit the nucleus in an atom.

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19
Q

What is the charge of one electron ( or one proton ) in an atom?

A

1.6x10-19 C (C stands for Coulomb)

20
Q

What does C stand for?

A

C stands for Coulomb

21
Q

In its neutral state (without external forces applied), the atom has the same amount of what?

A

positive and negative charges (i.e the same number of protons and electrons).

22
Q

What makes the atom neutral

A

Positive and negative charges cancel each other making the atom neutral.

23
Q

Electrons orbit the nucleus at what distance from the centre

A

a discrete ( synonym - distinct ) distance

24
Q

In the case of electrons, the closer from the nucleus the more what?

A

The closer from the nucleus the more tightly bound to it and the less amount of spare energy.

25
Q

Electrons orbiting at the same distance from the nucleus have the same what?

A

Electrons orbiting at the same distance from the nucleus have the same energy level.

26
Q

Electrons are grouped in energy bands known as ______. Why?

A

Electrons are grouped in energy bands known as shells, because electrons orbiting at the same distance from the nucleus have the same energy level

27
Q

Regarding Electrons, each shell has a what?

A

Each shell has a fixed number of electrons given by 2N^2 (N being the shell number, starting at 1 for the closest shell to the nucleus).

28
Q

Depending on ______, atoms will have a certain amount of shells.

A

Depending on their atomic number (number of protons)

29
Q

For each element, the shell further from the nucleus is called the _______

A

the valence shell. This shell and its composition will determine most of the element properties.

30
Q

What will the valence shell determine?

A

This shell and its composition will determine most of the element properties.

31
Q

Electrons on the valence shell are known as what?

A

Electrons on the valence shell are valence electrons.

32
Q

What can valence electrons do with a sufficient amount of energy?

A

These electrons, with a sufficient amount of energy, can free themselves from the bond to the nucleus and become free electrons.

33
Q

What will be the source of the electrical current

A

The movement of valence electrons freeing themselves from the bond to the nucleus will be the source of electrical current.

34
Q

Some elements like metals have free what?

A

free electrons without the need of an external source of energy.

35
Q

Why are metals good conductors?

A

some metals have free electrons without the need of an external source of energy

36
Q

What is the best conductor

A

The best conductor is silver.

37
Q

Why is copper the most widely used conductor

A

Due to the cost of silver, copper is the most widely used.

38
Q

What other element is a good conductor, apart from metals and silver

A

Gold is also a good conductor and is used when resistance to corrosion is required.

39
Q

When is gold used as a conductor

A

when resistance to corrosion is required.

40
Q

Semi-conductors have ____ electrons on their valence shell

A

Semi-conductors have four electrons on their valence shell.

41
Q

What do semi-conductors require

A

They require some external source of energy to free electrons.

42
Q

Why do semi-conductors have 4 electrons on their valence shell

A

They require some external source of energy to free electrons.

43
Q

Why can’t insulators carry electrical current

A

Insulators cannot free electrons and therefore cannot carry electrical current

44
Q

If an atom loses electrons or gains protons, what happens?

A

it will have a net positive charge and is called a cation.

45
Q

If an atom gains electrons or loses protons, what happens?

A

it will have a net negative charge and is called an anion.

46
Q

What are isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element that differ in their numbers of neutrons are called isotopes

Electrical Science Common Group B (3 decks)

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