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Chemistry Lecture > Chapter 1 - Vocabulary from Text > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Vocabulary from Text Flashcards

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1
Q

_______ is the study of the nature, properties, and transformation of matter.

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

_______ is the physical material that makes up the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space.

A

Matter

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3
Q

_________ is the systematic process of observation, hypothesis, and experimentation used to expand and refine a body of knowledge.

A

Property

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4
Q

____________ is a change that does not affect the chemical makeup of substance or object.

A

Physical Change

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5
Q

____________ is a change in the chemical makeup of a substance.

A

Chemical Change

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6
Q

Sugar dissolving in water is a __________.

A

Physical Change

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7
Q

Sugar heated in a saucepan to make caramel is a ____________.

A

Chemical Change

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8
Q

A _______ is a substance that has a definite shape and volume.

A

Solid

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9
Q

A _______ is a substance that has a definite volume but assumes the shape of its container.

A

Liquid

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10
Q

A _______ is a substance that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

A

Gas

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11
Q

The ___________ is the physical state of a substance as a solid, liquid, r gas.

A

State of Matter

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12
Q

The ___________ is the conversion of a substance from one state to another. For example, a liquid to a gas.

A

Change of State

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13
Q

A ___________ is a substance that has a uniform chemical composition throughout.

A

Pure Substance

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14
Q

A _________ is a blend of two or more substances, each of which retains its chemical identity.

A

Mixture

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15
Q

A __________________ is a uniform mixture that has the same composition throughout.

A

Homogeneous Mixture

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16
Q

A __________________ is a nonuniform mixture that has regions of different composition.

A

Heterogeneous Mixture

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17
Q

A ___________ is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down chemically into any simpler substance.

A

Element

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18
Q

A _________________ is a pure substance that can be borken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

A

Chemical Compound

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19
Q

Is vanilla ice cream a mixture or a pure substance?

A

Homogeneous Mixture

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20
Q

Is sugar a mixture or a pure substance?

A

Pure Substance

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21
Q

Is concrete a mixture or a pure substance?

A

Heterogeneous Mixture

22
Q

Is a lead weight a mixture or a pure substance?

A

Pure Substance

23
Q

Is the following a mixture or a pure substance, Helium inside of a balloon?

A

Pure Substance

24
Q

Is wood a mixture or a pure substance?

A

Heterogeneous Mixture

25
Q

A _________________ is a notation for a chemical compound using element symbols and subscripts to show how many atoms of each element are present.

A

Chemical Formula

26
Q

A ____________ is a process in which the identity and composition of one or more substances are changed.

A

Chemical Reaction

27
Q

A ____________ is a starting substance that undergoes change during a chemical reaction.

A

Reactant

28
Q

A ___________ is a substance formed as the result of chemical reaction.

A

Product

29
Q

A ________________ is a physical property that can be measured.

A

Physical Quantity

30
Q

A ______ is a defined quantity used as a standard of measurement.

A

Unit

31
Q

______ are units of measurement defined by the International System of Units.

A

SI Units

32
Q

A number expressed as the product of a number between 1 and 10, times the number 10 raised to a ppwer is known as ______________________.

A

Scientific Notation

33
Q

_______ is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.

A

Mass

34
Q

_______ is a measure of the gravitational force that the earth or other large body exerts on an object.

A

Weight

35
Q

__________ are the number of meaningful digits used to express a value.

A

Significant Figures

36
Q

Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros that are in between 2 non zero numbers.

A

Trapped Zeros

37
Q

Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros that are before any non zero number.

A

Leading Zeros

38
Q

Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros with a decimal

A

Trailing Zero

39
Q

Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros without a decimal.

A

Trailing Zero

40
Q

What is the counting rule for Trapped Zeros?

A

Trapped zeros are ALWAYS significant. Ex. 103 has 3 SF

41
Q

What is the counting rule for Leading Zeros?

A

Leading zeros are NEVER significant. Ex. 0.00346 has 3 SF

42
Q

What is the first counting rule for Trailing Zeros?

A

Trailing Zeros with a decimal count as Significant Figures. Ex. 236.0 has 4 SF

43
Q

What is the second counting rule for Trailing Zeros?

A

Trailing Zeros without a decimal NEVER count as a significant figure unless indicated with a decimal or line above the number. Ex. 2130 has 3 SF

44
Q

What is the rule for adding/subtracting significant figures?

A

The amount of SF in your final answer depends on the place of uncertainty.

45
Q

What is the rule for multiplying/dividing significant figures?

A

The number with the least SF in your problem affects how many SF you can have in your answer.

46
Q

If you are multiplying/dividing significant figures and you drop a number before a decimal what must you do to your answer?

A

Add a zero for the dropped number to hold its magnitude.

47
Q

________ is the capacity to do work or supply heat.

A

Energy

48
Q

____________ is the measure of the amount of heat energy in an object.

A

Temperature

49
Q

_________ is the physical property that relates the mass of an object to its volume; mass per unit volume.

A

Density

50
Q

_____________ is the density of a substance divided by the density of water at the same temperature.

A

Specific Gravity

Chemistry Lecture (2 decks)

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