Chapter 1 - Vocabulary from Text Flashcards
_______ is the study of the nature, properties, and transformation of matter.
Chemistry
_______ is the physical material that makes up the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space.
Matter
_________ is the systematic process of observation, hypothesis, and experimentation used to expand and refine a body of knowledge.
Property
____________ is a change that does not affect the chemical makeup of substance or object.
Physical Change
____________ is a change in the chemical makeup of a substance.
Chemical Change
Sugar dissolving in water is a __________.
Physical Change
Sugar heated in a saucepan to make caramel is a ____________.
Chemical Change
A _______ is a substance that has a definite shape and volume.
Solid
A _______ is a substance that has a definite volume but assumes the shape of its container.
Liquid
A _______ is a substance that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.
Gas
The ___________ is the physical state of a substance as a solid, liquid, r gas.
State of Matter
The ___________ is the conversion of a substance from one state to another. For example, a liquid to a gas.
Change of State
A ___________ is a substance that has a uniform chemical composition throughout.
Pure Substance
A _________ is a blend of two or more substances, each of which retains its chemical identity.
Mixture
A __________________ is a uniform mixture that has the same composition throughout.
Homogeneous Mixture
A __________________ is a nonuniform mixture that has regions of different composition.
Heterogeneous Mixture
A ___________ is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down chemically into any simpler substance.
Element
A _________________ is a pure substance that can be borken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions.
Chemical Compound
Is vanilla ice cream a mixture or a pure substance?
Homogeneous Mixture
Is sugar a mixture or a pure substance?
Pure Substance
Is concrete a mixture or a pure substance?
Heterogeneous Mixture
Is a lead weight a mixture or a pure substance?
Pure Substance
Is the following a mixture or a pure substance, Helium inside of a balloon?
Pure Substance
Is wood a mixture or a pure substance?
Heterogeneous Mixture
A _________________ is a notation for a chemical compound using element symbols and subscripts to show how many atoms of each element are present.
Chemical Formula
A ____________ is a process in which the identity and composition of one or more substances are changed.
Chemical Reaction
A ____________ is a starting substance that undergoes change during a chemical reaction.
Reactant
A ___________ is a substance formed as the result of chemical reaction.
Product
A ________________ is a physical property that can be measured.
Physical Quantity
A ______ is a defined quantity used as a standard of measurement.
Unit
______ are units of measurement defined by the International System of Units.
SI Units
A number expressed as the product of a number between 1 and 10, times the number 10 raised to a ppwer is known as ______________________.
Scientific Notation
_______ is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.
Mass
_______ is a measure of the gravitational force that the earth or other large body exerts on an object.
Weight
__________ are the number of meaningful digits used to express a value.
Significant Figures
Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros that are in between 2 non zero numbers.
Trapped Zeros
Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros that are before any non zero number.
Leading Zeros
Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros with a decimal
Trailing Zero
Name the rule for counting significant figures: Zeros without a decimal.
Trailing Zero
What is the counting rule for Trapped Zeros?
Trapped zeros are ALWAYS significant. Ex. 103 has 3 SF
What is the counting rule for Leading Zeros?
Leading zeros are NEVER significant. Ex. 0.00346 has 3 SF
What is the first counting rule for Trailing Zeros?
Trailing Zeros with a decimal count as Significant Figures. Ex. 236.0 has 4 SF
What is the second counting rule for Trailing Zeros?
Trailing Zeros without a decimal NEVER count as a significant figure unless indicated with a decimal or line above the number. Ex. 2130 has 3 SF
What is the rule for adding/subtracting significant figures?
The amount of SF in your final answer depends on the place of uncertainty.
What is the rule for multiplying/dividing significant figures?
The number with the least SF in your problem affects how many SF you can have in your answer.
If you are multiplying/dividing significant figures and you drop a number before a decimal what must you do to your answer?
Add a zero for the dropped number to hold its magnitude.
________ is the capacity to do work or supply heat.
Energy
____________ is the measure of the amount of heat energy in an object.
Temperature
_________ is the physical property that relates the mass of an object to its volume; mass per unit volume.
Density
_____________ is the density of a substance divided by the density of water at the same temperature.
Specific Gravity
