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AP Environmental Science > Chapter 1 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

Learn chapter 1 vocabulary about the Earth and different environmental functions

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Environment

A

The sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life.

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2
Q

Environmental science

A

The field of study that looks at interactions among human systems and those found in nature.

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

A particular location on Earth with interacting biotic and abiotic components.

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4
Q

Biotic

A

Living

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5
Q

Abiotic

A

Nonliving

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6
Q

Environmentalism

A

A social movement that seeks to protect the environment through lobbying, activism, and education

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7
Q

Fossil fuel

A

A fuel derived from biological material that became fossilized millions of years ago

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8
Q

Fracking

A

Hydraulic fracturing, a method of oil and gas extraction that uses high-pressure fluids to force open cracks in rocks deep underground

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9
Q

Environmental studies

A

The field of study that includes environmental policy, economics, literature, and ethics

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10
Q

Ecosystem services

A

The processes by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced

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11
Q

Environmental indicator

A

An indicator that describes the current state of an environmental system

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12
Q

Biodiversity

A

The diversity of life forms in an environment

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13
Q

Genetic diversity

A

A measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population

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14
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in its morphology (body and structure), behavior, or biochemical properties

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15
Q

Species diversity

A

The number of species in a region or in a particular ecosystem

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16
Q

Speciation

A

The evolution of new species

17
Q

Background extinction rate

A

The average rate at which species become extinct over the long term

18
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

Gases in Earth’s atmosphere that trap heat near the surface

19
Q

Anthropogenic

A

Derived from human activities

20
Q

Per capita

A

Amount per each person in a country or unit of population

21
Q

Development

A

Improvement in human well-being through economic advancement

22
Q

Sustainability

A

Living on Earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources

23
Q

Sustainable development

A

Development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations

24
Q

Biophilia

A

Love of live

25
Q

Ecological footprint

A

A measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in an area of land

26
Q

Scientific method

A

An objective method to explore the natural world, draw inferences from it, and predict the outcome of certain events, processes, or changes

27
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable conjecture about how something works

28
Q

Variable

A

Any categories, conditions, factors, or traits that differ in the natural world or in experimental situations

29
Q

Independent Variable

A

A variable that is not dependent on other factors

30
Q

Dependent variable

A

A variable that is dependent on other factors

31
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

A prediction that there is no other difference between the groups or conditions that are being compared

32
Q

Replication

A

The data collection procedure of taking repeated measurements

33
Q

Sample size (n)

A

The number of times a measurement is replicated in data collection

34
Q

Accuracy

A

How close a measured value is to the actual or true value

35
Q

Precision

A

How close the repeated measurements of a sample are to one another

36
Q

Uncertainty

A

An estimate of how much a measured or calculated value differs from a true value

37
Q

Theory

A

A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple groups of researchers and has reached wide acceptance

38
Q

Control group

A

In a scientific investigation, a group that experiences exactly the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the single variable under study

39
Q

Natural experiment

A

A natural event that acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem

AP Environmental Science (2 decks)

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