Chapter 1 (Vocabulary) Flashcards
The process of examining and measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activities.
Objective introspection
Early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titcherner, in which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of the mind.
Structuralism
Early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play.
Functionalism
Early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and sensation, particularly the perception of patters and whole figures.
Gestalt Psychology
The theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud.
Psychoanalysis
The science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only.
Behaviorism
Modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of motivations behind a person’s behavior other and sexual motivations.
Psychodynamic Perspective
Modern perspective that focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning.
Cognitive Perspective
Study of the physical changes in the brain and nervous system during thinking.
Cognitive neuroscience
Perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture.
Sociocultural Perspective
Perspective that attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system.
Biopsychological Perspective
Perspective that focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share.
Evolutionary perspective
A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology.
Psychologist
A medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
Psychiatrist
A social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress and drug abuse.
Psychiatric Social Worker
System of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced.
Scientific method
Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations.
Hypothesis
In research, repeating a study or experiment to see if the same results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results.
Replicate
Tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed.
Observer Effect
A naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed.
Participant Observation
Tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.
Observer Bias
Study of one individual in great detail.
Case Study
Randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects.
Representative Sample
The entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested.
Population
