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CSE 142 > Chapter 1 vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 1 vocab Flashcards

Vocabulary from CSE142 ch1

1
Q

computer

A

a machine that can receive, store, transform, and output data of all kinds.

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2
Q

Computer chip (Microprocessor chip)

A

a silicon chip containing the circuitry for a computer processor

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3
Q

hardware

A

the actual computer equipment

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4
Q

Software

A

The set of programs associated with a computer

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5
Q

Program

A

a list of instructions that enables a computer to perform a specific task.

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6
Q

Binary Number

A

a number whose digits are 0 and 1

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7
Q

memory cell

A

an individual storage location in memory

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8
Q

address of a memory cell

A

the relative position of a memory cell in the computers main memory

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9
Q

contents of a memory cell

A

the information stored in a memory cell, either a program instruction or data

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10
Q

stored program concept

A

a computer’s ability to store program instructions in main memory for execution

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11
Q

byte

A

the amount of storage required to store a single character

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12
Q

bit

A

a binary digit

ex: 0 or 1

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13
Q

data storage

A

setting the individual bits of a memory cell to 0 or 1, destroying its previous contents

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14
Q

data retrieval

A

copying the contents of a particular memory cell to another storage area

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15
Q

random access memory (RAM)

A

the part of main memory that temporarily stores programs, data, and results

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16
Q

read-only memory (ROM)

A

the part of main memory that permanently stores programs or data

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17
Q

volatile memory

A

memory whose contents disappear when the computer is switched off

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18
Q

secondary storage

A

units such as disks or flash drives that retain data even when the power is off

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19
Q

disk

A

thin platter of metal or plastic on which data are represented by magnetized spots arranged in tracks

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20
Q

optical drive

A

device that uses a laser to access or store data on a CD or DVD

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21
Q

flash drive

A

device that plugs into USB port and stores data bits as trapped electrons

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22
Q

file

A

named collection of data stored on a disk

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23
Q

directory

A

list of the names of files that relate to a particular topic

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24
Q

subdirectory

A

a list of the names of files that relate to a particular topic

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25
Q

central processing unit (CPU)

A

coordinates all computer operations and performs arithmetic and logical operations on data

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26
Q

fetching an instruction

A

retrieving an instruction from main memory

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27
Q

register

A

high-speed memory location inside the CPU

28
Q

multiprocessor

A

a computer with more than one CPU

29
Q

cursor

A

a moving place marker that appears on the monitor

30
Q

function keys

A

special keyboard keys used to select a particular operation; operation selected depends on the program being used

31
Q

mouse

A

an input device that moves its cursor on the computer screen to select an operation

32
Q

icon

A

a picture representing a computer operation

33
Q

hard copy

A

a printed version of ainformation

34
Q

local area network (LAN)

A

computers, printers, scanners, and storage devices connected by cables for intercommunication

35
Q

file server

A

the computer in a network that controls access to a secondary storage device such as a hard disk

36
Q

wide area network (WAN)

A

a network such as the Internet that connects computers and LANs over a large geographic area

37
Q

World Wide Web (WWW)

A

a part of the Internet whose graphical user interfaces make associated network resources easily navigable

38
Q

graphical user interface (GUI)

A

pictures and menus displayed to allow user to select commands and data

39
Q

modem

A

a device that converts binary data into audio signals that can be transmitted between computers over telephone lines

40
Q

DSL connection (digital subscriber line)

A

a high-speed Internet connection that uses a telephone line and does not interfere with simultaneous voice communication on the same line

41
Q

cable internet access

A

two-way high-speed transmission of Internet data through two of the hundreds of channels available over the coaxial cable that carries cable television signals

42
Q

operating system (OS)

A

software that controls interaction of user and computer hardware and that manages allocation of computer resources

43
Q

booting a computer

A

loading the operating system from disk into memory

44
Q

booting a computer

A

loading the operating system from disk into memory

45
Q

application

A

software used for a specific task such as word processing, accounting, or database management

46
Q

install

A

make an application available on a computer by copying it to the computer’s hard drive

47
Q

machine language

A

binary number codes understood by a specific CPU

48
Q

assembly language

A

mnemonic codes that correspond to machine language instructions

49
Q

high-level language

A

machine independent programming language that combines algebraic expressions and English symbols

50
Q

compiler

A

software that translates a high-level language program into machine language

51
Q

source file

A

file containing a program written in a high-level language; the input for a compiler

52
Q

syntax

A

grammar rules of a programming language

53
Q

object file

A

file of machine language instructions that is the output of a compiler

54
Q

linker

A

software that combines object files and resolves cross-references to create an executable machine language program

55
Q

integrated development environment (IDE)

A

software package combining a work processor, compiler, linker, loader, and tools for finding errors

56
Q

input data

A

the data values that are scanned by a program

57
Q

program output

A

the lines displayed by a program

58
Q

abstraction

A

the process of modeling a problem by extracting the essential variables and their relationships

59
Q

algorithm

A

a list of steps for solving a problem

60
Q

top-down design

A

breaking a problem into its major sub problems and then solving the subproblems

61
Q

step-wise refinement

A

development of a detailed list of steps to solve a particular step in the original algorithm

62
Q

desk checking

A

the step-by-step simulation of the computer execution of an algorithm

63
Q

computer theft (computer fraud)

A

illegally obtaining money by falsifying information in a computer database

64
Q

virus

A

code attached to another program that spreads through a computer’s disk memory, disrupting the computer or erasing information

65
Q

worm

A

a virus that can disrupt a network by replicating itself on other network computers

66
Q

software piracy

A

violating copyright agreements by illegally copying software for use in another computer

CSE 142 (15 decks)

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