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AP Human Geogrpahy 1-3 > Chapter 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Fieldwork

A

The study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and how people interact and change.

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2
Q

Human Geogprahy

A

One of the two major divisions in Geography. Spatial analysis of population, culture, activities, and landscapes.

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3
Q

Globalization

A

Processes that are increasing interactions, depending relationships, and heightening interdependence without regards to the country’s borders. Expansion of economic, political, and culture to become global on impact

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4
Q

Physical Geography

A

One of the major two divisions on geogprahy. The analysis of structure, processes, and location of Earth’s natural phenomena such as climate soil, plants, animals, and topography.

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5
Q

Spatial

A

Pertaining to space on the Earth’s surface; sometimes. used as a synonym of geographic.

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6
Q

Spatial distrubution

A

Physical location of geographic phenomena across space.

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7
Q

Pattern

A

The design of a spatial distribution. Ex: ( scattered or concentrated)

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8
Q

Medical Geogrpahy

A

The study of health and disease within a geographic context and from the geographical perspective among other things medical geography looks at resources diffusion rates and distributions of disease

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9
Q

Pandemics

A

An outbreak of a disease that spread worldwide

See also endemic

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10
Q

Epidemic

A

Regional outbreak of a disease

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11
Q

Spatial perspective

A

Observing variations in geographic phenomena across space

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12
Q

Five themes of Geography

A 
Developed by the geography Educaitional national implementation project in 1986:
Location 
Human- Environment
Region
Place
Movement
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13
Q

Location

A

The first theme of Geography: the geographical situation of people and things

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14
Q

Location theory

A

A logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of an economic activity an the manner in which it’s producing areas are interrelated

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15
Q

Human-Environment interaction

A

The second theme of geography: reciprocal relationship between the humans and the environment

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16
Q

Region

A

The third theme of Geography: an area on Earth marked by a degree of formal, functional, or perceptual regions of homogeneity at some phenomenon.

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17
Q

Place

A

The fourth theme of Geography: uniqueness of a location

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18
Q

Sense of place

A

State of mind derived through the infusion of a place with the meaning and emotion by remembering events that occurred in that place by with a character

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19
Q

Perceptions of places

A

The understanding of a place through books, movies, stories, or pictures.

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20
Q

Movement

A

The fifth theme of Geography: mobility of people goods, and ideas across the surface of the planet

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21
Q

Spatial interaction

A

When two regions satisfy others demand through the presence of nearer opportunity that diminishes far away sites

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22
Q

Distances

A

Measurement of the physical space between two places

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23
Q

Accessibility

A

The degree of ease with which it’s is possible to reach a certain location from other locations( varies from location)

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24
Q

Connectivity

A

The degree of direct linkage between one location and the other locations in a transport network.

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25
Q

Landscape

A

The overall natural appearance of an area. Comprised of natural and human influences.

26
Q

Cultural landscape

A 
The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape 
\: 
Buildings 
Forms
Artifacts
27
Q

Sequent occupancy

A

The notion that successive societies leave cultural imprints on a place, each contributing, to the cumulative cultural landscape

28
Q

Reference maps

A

Maps that show absolute location determined by latitude and longitude

29
Q

Thematic maps

A

Maps that tell stories showing degree of some attribute or movement of a geographic phenomena

30
Q

Absolute locations

A

The exact position or place of an item on the earth, expressed with latitude or longitude

31
Q

GPS- global positioning system

A

Satellite bases system for determining the absolute location

32
Q

Geocaching

A

A hunt for a cache, the gps coordinates which are placed on the Internet

33
Q

Relative locations

A

The regional position of situation of a place in relation to other places
Distance
Accessibility
Connectivity

34
Q

Mental maps

A

Images or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual’s perception, impression, and knowledge

35
Q

Activity spaces

A

The places we travel routinely that reflect on our daily activity

36
Q

Generalize

A

A process cartographers use to interpret maps

37
Q

Generalized map

A

A map used to explain a certain set of information

38
Q

Remote sensing

A

What geographers use to monitor Earth’s surface over a long period of time

39
Q

GIS( Geographic information systems)

A

A collection of computer software and hardware that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user.

40
Q

Formal region

A

A Type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena

41
Q

Functional region

A

A region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it

42
Q

Perceptual region

A

A region that only exists as a conceptualization or an idea and is not as a physically demarcated entity

43
Q

Culture

A

The sum total of all the knowledge attitudes and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members o a society

44
Q

Culture trait

A

A Single element of normal practice in a culture, such as wearing the turban

45
Q

Cultural hearth

A

Heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture

46
Q

Culture complex

A

A related set of cultural traits such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils

47
Q

Independent invention

A

The term for a trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other.

48
Q

Culture diffusion

A

The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area

49
Q

Time-distance decay

A

The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source.

50
Q

Cultural barriers

A

Prevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas, or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture

51
Q

Expansion diffusion

A

The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area such a way the number if those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination

52
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

The distance - controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person- analogous to the communication of a contagious illness

53
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

A form of dissuasion in which an idea spreads by passing first among the most connected places or people. An urban hierarchy is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations, over wide areas, with geographic distance a less important influence

54
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

A form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place

55
Q

Relocation diffusion

A

Sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. The most common form of relocation diffusion involved the spreading of innovations by a migrating population

56
Q

Geographic Concepts

A

Ways of seeing the world spatially that are used by geographers in answering research questions

57
Q

Environmental determinism

A

The view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development. Also referred to as environmentalism

58
Q

Possiblism

A

Geographic viewpoint- a response to determinism- that holds that human decision making, not the environment, is the crucial factor in cultural development. Nonetheless, possibilists view the environment as providing a set of broad constraints that limit the possibilities of human choice.

59
Q

Cultural ecology

A

The multiple interactions and relationships be tween a culture and the natural environment

60
Q

Political ecology

A

An approach to studying nature - society relations that is concerned with the ways which environmental issues both reflect, and are the result of, the political and socioeconomic contexts in which they are situated

AP Human Geogrpahy 1-3 (2 decks)

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