Chapter 1 Vocab Flashcards
Anatomy
Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structure.
Gross anatomy
Study of the larger structures of the body, also known as macroscopic anatomy
Homeostasis
Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain
Microscopic anatomy
Study of very small structures of the body using magnification
Physiology
Science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, & physics of the body’s functions.
Regional anatomy
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions.
Systemic anatomy
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems
Cell
Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals , a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles
Organ
Functionally distinct structure composed of two or more types of tissues
Organ system
Group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function
Organism
Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life
Tissue
Group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function
Control centre
Comprares values to their normal range; deviations cause the activation of an effector
Effector
Organ that can cause a change in value
Negative feedback
Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed.
Normal range
Range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the controle centre
Positive feedback
Mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus
Sensor
(Also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the controle centre
Set point
Ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within which a a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful
Abdominopelvic cavity
Division of the anterior cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera
Anatomical position
Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body
Anterior
Describes the front of direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral
Anterior cavity
Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity ; also referred to as ventral cavity
Caudal
Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper
Cranial
Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper ; also referred as superior
Cranial cavity
Division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain
Deep
Farther from the surface of the body
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment or trunk of the body
Dorsal
Back or direction toward the back of the body; (posterior)
Dorsal cavity
Posterior cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; referred to posterior body cavity
Frontal plane
Two dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions
Inferior
Describes a position below or lower than ; towards the tail.
Lateral
The side or direction toward the side of the body
Medial
The middle or direction toward the middle of the body
Pericardium
Sac that encloses the heart
Peritoneum
Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there
Plane
Imaginary two dimensional surface that passes through the body
Pleura
Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs
Posterior
Back or direction towards the back of the body
Posterior cavity
Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; dorsal cavity
Prone
Face down
Proximal
Position nearer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body
Sagital plane
Two dimensional, Vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides
Section
In anatomy, a single flat surface of a three dimensional structure that has been cut though
Serous membrane
Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; referred to as serosa
Serosa
Membrane that covers organ and reduces friction; serous membrane
Spinal cavity
Division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; vertebral cavity
Superficial
Position nearer to the surface of the body
Superior
Above or higher than another part of the body ; cranial
Supine
Face up
Thoracic cavity
Anterior ventral cavity that houses the heart, lungs, trachea, oesophagus
Transverse plane
Two dimensional, horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions
Ventral
The front of direction towards the front of the body; also known as anterior
Ventral cavity
Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior body cavity ; includes serous membrane lined pleural cavities for the lungs , heart, abdominal and pelvic
