Chapter 1: Vobulary Flashcards
A computer designed for use by an individual, usually incorporating a graphics display, a keyboard, and a mouse.
PC (Personal Computer)
A Computer used for running larger programs for multiple users, often simultaneously, and typically accessed only via a network.
Server
A class of computers with the highest performance and cost; they are configured as servers and typically cost tens to hundreds of millions of dollars
Super Computers
A computer inside another device use for running a predetermined application.
Embedded Computer
small wireless devices to connect to the internet; reliant on battery power and software installed by downloading apps.
Personal Mobile Devices
Cloud Computing
refers to large collections of servers that provide services over the internet.
delivers software and data over the internet usually via a thin program such as a browser that runs on a client device.
Software as a Service
Software that provides services that are commonly useful, such as operating systems, compilers, loaders and assemblers.
Systems Software
Supervising program that manages the resources of a computer for the benefit of the programs that run on that computer.
Operating System
Compiler
A program that translates high-level language statements into assembly language statement
binary digit
a digit in a two digit number system
instruction
a command that computer hardware understands and obeys
assembler
A program that translates a symbolic version of instructions into the binary version.
A symbolic representation of machine instructions.
Assembly Language
A binary representation of machine instructions.
Machine Language
A device containing millions of transistors
Integrated Chip
the active part of the computer, which contains the data path and control.
CPU
datapath
The component of the processor that performs arithmetic operations.
control
The component of the processor that commands the data-path, memory and I/O.
Memory
The storage area where programs are kept when they are running. Memory also stores data for the program.
The user portion of the instruction set plus the operating system interfaces used by application programmers.
Application Binary Interface
The total time required to complete a task.
Response Time
the number of tasks completed in a unit of time
Throughput
A rule stating that the performance enhancement possible with a given improvement is limited by the amount that the improved feature is used.
Amdahl’s Law
What is the formula for Amdahl’s law?
(Execution Time Affect By Improvement/Amount of Improvement) + Execution Time Unaffected
Eight Great Ideas of Computer Architecture
Moore's Law Abstraction Make Common Case Fast Performance via Parallelism Performance via Pipelinining Performance via Prediction Hierarchy of Memories Dependability via Redundancy
Integrated Circuit resources will double every 18 -24 months
Moore’s Law
The process of hiding lower-level details to offer a simpler model at higher levels
Abstraction
Given Amdahl’s law is it better to improve efficeincy of the rare case or the common case?
Common Case
The practice of increasing efficiency of a system by performing operations simultaneously.
Parrellelism
A command that is understood and obeyed by computer hardware
instruction
A program that translates a symbolic version of instruction into the binary version.
Assembler
Compiler
A program that translates high-level language into assembly level language
Memory built as an integrated circuit
Dynamic Random Access Memory
