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Psychology Grade XII > Chapter 1 - Variations in Psychological Attributes > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Variations in Psychological Attributes Flashcards

1
Q

Individual differences

A

It refers to distinctiveness and variations among people’s characteristics and behavior patterns

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2
Q

Situationism

A

Situations and circumstances in which one is placed influence one’s behavior

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3
Q

The first step in understanding psychological attribute

A

Assessment

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4
Q

Assessments can be of two types

A

Formal and informal

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5
Q

Psychological tests use systematic testing procedures to

A

evaluate abilities, behaviors, and personal qualities of individuals

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6
Q

The global capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use available resources effectively when faced with challenges

A

Intelligence

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7
Q

Students with ________ are not likely to do well in school-related examinations

A

Low intelligence

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8
Q

Non linear and unidimensional

A

Psychological attributes

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9
Q

For a complete assessment of a person, we need to assess various domains such as

A

cognitive, emotional, social, etc.

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10
Q

Aptitude

A

Individuals underlying potential for acquiring skills

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11
Q

Interest

A

Individual’s preference for engaging in one or more specific activities relative to others

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12
Q

Personality

A

Relatively enduring characteristics of a person that make her or him distinct from others

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13
Q

Values

A

Enduring beliefs about an ideal mode of behavior

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14
Q

Assessment methods

A

Psychological test, interview, case study, observation and self-report

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15
Q

The tests used for diagnosis, guidance, personnel selection, placement, and training is

A

Psychological test

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16
Q

Psychological test

A

An objective and standardized measure of an individual’s mental or behavioral characteristics

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17
Q

Interview

A

Seeking information from a person on a one-on-one basis

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18
Q

Case studies are based on data generated from

A

Interview, observation, questionnaire, psychological tests, etc.

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19
Q

An in-depth study of an individual in terms of her/his psychological attributes

A

Case study

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20
Q

Employing systematic, organized, and objective procedures to record behavioral phenomena occurring naturally in real-time

A

Observation

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21
Q

Self-report

A

The person provides factual information about herself/himself or opinions, beliefs, etc.

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22
Q

Intelligence - oxford definition

A

The power of perceiving, learning, understanding, and knowing

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23
Q

Intelligence - Alfred Binet

A

Ability to judge well, understand well, and reason well

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24
Q

Intelligence - Weschler

A

the global and aggregate capacity of an individual to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with her/his environment

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25
Individuals not only adapt to the environment but actively modifies and shapes it - proposed by
Gardner and Sternberg
26
The broad categories of intelligence theories
Psychometric and information processing
27
Intelligence is an aggregate of abilities
Psychometric approach
28
Information processing approach
The processes people use in intellectual reasoning
29
Alfred Binet's theory
One factor theory
30
Factors in the two-factor theory
s factor and g factor
31
Charles Spearman
two-factor theory
32
Louis Thurstone
Theory of primary mental abilities
33
Seven primary abilities according to Thurstone
Verbal comprehension, Numerical abilities, spatial relations, perceptual speed, word fluency, memory, and inductive reasoning
34
Verbal comprehension in PMA
Grasping of meaning and words, concepts and ideas
35
Numerical abilities in PMA
Speed and accuracy in numerical and computational skills
36
Spatial relations in PMA
Visualizing and forming patterns
37
Perceptual speed in PMA
Speed in perceiving details
38
Word fluency in PMA
using words flexibly and fluently
39
Memory in PMA
Accuracy in recalling information
40
Arthur Jensen
The hierarchical model of intelligence
41
Level I
Associative learning
42
Associative learning
output is more or less similar to the input
43
Level II
Cognitive competence
44
Cognitive competence
higher-order skills - transform the input to produce an output
45
J.P. Guildford
Structure of intellect model
46
Three dimensions of the structure of intellect model
operations, contents, and products
47
Operations
cognition, recording, memory retention, divergent and convergent production, evaluation
48
Contents
visual, auditory, symbolic, semantic, and behavior
49
Products
Units, classes, relations, systems, transformations, and implications
50
Guildford's classification categories
6*5*6 = 180 cells
51
Howard Gardner
Theory of Multiple Intelligence
52
Word smart
sensitive to different shades of word meanings, are articulate, and can create linguistic images in their mind
53
Scientists and Nobel prize winners
Logical-mathematical intelligence
54
Forming, using, and transforming mental images
Spatial intelligence
55
Athletes, dancers, actors
Bodily-kinaesthetic
56
Naturalistic Intelligence
Complete awareness of relationship with the natural world
57
Robert Sternberg
Triarchic theory of intelligence
58
The elements of the Triarchic theory of intelligence
Componential, experiential, and contextual
59
Componential intelligence
Analytical intelligence - analysis of information to solve problems
60
Components of componential intelligence
Meta component, performance components, knowledge acquisition
61
Contextual intelligence
Practical intelligence/street smartness
62
Experiential Intelligence
Creative intelligence
63
PASS model
Planning, Attention-Arousal and Simultaneous-successive model by J.P Das, Jack Naglieri and Kirby (1994)
64
The battery of tests developed by Das and Naglieri
Cognitive assessment system
65
Correlation of intelligence between identical twins reared apart
0.72
66
Correlation of intelligence between fraternal twins reared together
0.60
67
Correlation of intelligence between siblings reared together
0.50
68
Correlation of intelligence between siblings reared apart
0.25
69
Mental Age
The measure of person's intellectual development relative to people of her/his age group
70
Formula for IQ
MA/CA * 100
71
IQ of a 10-year-old with an MA of 12
120
72
The frequency distribution of IQ scores
Normal curve
73
IQ above 130
very superior (2.2)
74
IQ of 120-130
Superior (6.7)
75
IQ of 110-119
High average (16.1)
76
Average IQ range
90-109 (50.0)
77
Low average IQ range
80-89 (16.1)
78
IQ range of 70-79
Borderline (6.7)
79
Intellectually disabled
IQ below 70 (2.2)
80
Intellectually gifted
Very superior IQ
81
Intellectual Disability
Significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during developmental period
82
Mild ID
IQ 50-70
83
IQ of 35-40
Moderate
84
Severe ID
IQ of 20-25
85
IQ below 20
Profound
86
According to teachers, giftedness involves
high ability, high creativity, and high commitment
87
Types of Intelligence tests
Individual or group test, verbal, non-verbal, or performance tests, culture-fair or culture biased tests
88
S.M Mohsin
Intelligence test in Hindi in the 1930s
89
Binet's test in Urdu and Punjabi
C. H. Rice
90
Uday Shankar
CIE Verbal Group Test of Intelligence
91
R. Ramalingaswamy
Adaptation of Weschler Adult Performance Intelligence Scale
92
NLEPT
The National Library of Educational and Psychological Tests
93
Vygotsky
Culture provides a social context in which people live, grow, and understand the world around them
94
Culture
Collective system of customs, beliefs, attitudes, and achievements in art and literature
95
Technological intelligence
Skills of generalization and abstraction, speed, minimal moves, and mental manipulation among children
96
Integral intelligence
gives emphasis on connectivity with social and world environment
97
Buddhi
Skills such as mental effort, determined action, feelings, and opinions along with cognitive competencies such as knowledge, discrimination, and understanding
98
Cognitive capacity
Sensitivity to context, understanding, discrimination, problem-solving and effective communication
99
Social competence
respect for social order, commitment to elders, the young, and the needy, concerns about others, and recognizing others' perspectives
100
Emotional competence
Self-regulation and self-monitoring of emotions, honesty, politeness, good conduct, and self-evaluation
101
Emotional intelligence
Skills that underlie accurate appraisal, expression, and regulation of emotions
102
EI according to Salovey and Mayer
The ability to monitor one's own and other's emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use the information to guide one's thinking and actions
103
Two forms of aptitude tests
Independent (specialized) and multiple (generalized)
104
DAT
Differential Aptitude Tests
105
GATB
General Aptitude Test Battery
106
ASVAB
Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery
107
Relationship between intelligence and creativity
Some level of intelligence is required for creativity, but more intelligence does not ensure more creativity
108
Some psychologists who have developed creativity tests are
Guildford, Torrance, Khatena, Wallach, Kogan, Paramesh, Baqer Mehdi and Passi

Psychology Grade XII (1 decks)

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