Chapter 1 - Variation for Survival

Question 1

Group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Answer 1

Species

Question 2

The range of characteristics across individuals of the same group.

Answer 2

Variation

Question 3

The range of different organisms within an ecosystem.

Answer 3

Biodiversity

Question 4

A community of organisms along with the non-living components such as air, water & soil type.

Answer 4

Ecosystems

Question 5

The way that scientists group organisms, for example into a genus or species.

Answer 5

Classification

Question 6

Variation that is distributed along a continuum, rather than in discrete (separate) categories, e.g., weight & height.

Answer 6

Continuous variation

Question 7

Variation that is distributed in discrete (separate) categories, for example, eye colour, lefot of right handedness.

Answer 7

Discontinuous variation

Question 8

How well sets of data are linked; high correlation shows that there is a strong link between two sets of data.

Answer 8

Correlation

Question 9

Breeding with close relatives

Answer 9

Inbreeding

Question 10

A feature or characteristic that has been passed on genetically.

Answer 10

Inherited

Question 11

Caused by genes, inherited

Answer 11

Genetic

Question 12

Mating of two individual chosen because of their characteristics, to produce offspring with a combination of desired characteristics.

Answer 12

Selective Breeding

Question 13

The process by which characteristic that can be passed on in genes become more common over many generations if they help the organism survive.

Answer 13

Natural selection

Question 14

Derive a feature or characteristic that has been passed on genetically

Answer 14

Inherit

Question 15

A charateristic

Answer 15

Trait

Question 16

A piece of DNA that contains genes

Answer 16

Chromosome

Question 17

Deoxyribonucleic acid - the molecule in the nucleus of cells that carries genetic information.

Answer 17

DNA

Question 18

A section of DNA that controls an inherited feature

Answer 18

Gene

Question 19

Nitrogen based molecule that makes up part of the DNA molecule, e.g., Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T).

Answer 19

Base

Question 20

The structure of the DNA molecule, like a twisted ladder

Answer 20

Double helix

Question 21

The use of living organisms to make useful products.

Answer 21

Biotechnology

Question 22

The scientific method of collecting and examining scientific information about events in the past.

Answer 22

Forensic science

Question 23

A disorder caused by a fault in one or more gene.

Answer 23

Genetic disorders

Question 24

An analysis of a person’s DNA to show the sequence of bases.

Answer 24

DNA profile

Question 25

The number and appearance of the chromosomes in a cells nucleus.

Answer 25

Karyotype

Question 26

A chromosomal disorder characterised by an extra chromosome, e.g., Down’s syndrome

Answer 26

Trisomy

Question 27

A living thing that is genetically identical to its parent.

Answer 27

Clone

Question 28

Reproduction without sex, involving one parent, e.g., taking cuttings of plants

Answer 28

Asexual reproduction

Question 29

A form of cloning where the genetic information is removed form an unfertilised egg and is replaced with the nucleus from the organism to be cloned.

Answer 29

Nuclear transfer

Question 30

The process of a species dying out.

Answer 30

Extinction

Question 31

A species that is so few in numbers the species could become extinct.

Answer 31

Endangered species

Question 32

A store of genetic material (such as seeds) that can be used in the future to grow more organisms.

Answer 32

Gene bank

Question 33

The extinction of a large number of species at the same time.

Answer 33

Mass extinction