Chapter 1: Typical Configuration Of Computer Flashcards
Computer
It is an electronic device which is used for data processing
It accepts the data as input, stores the data then processes the data and after processing it gives the output to the user
Hardware
Physical components of the computer is called as hardware
Software
Software is a set of instructions given to the computer to perform a particular task
Data
It is a collection of raw facts
Information
Processed data (final results) are called as information
Users
Users are the people who who writes the computer program or interact with the computer
Block diagram of the computer
Refer to the notebook
Units of the computer
- Input unit
- Central processing unit (CPU)
~Control unit (CU)
~Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU)
~Registers - Storage unit
~Primary memory
~Secondary memory - Output unit
Control Unit (CU)
It controls the overall operations of the computer
It checks the sequence of execution of instructions
It controls and coordinates the overall functioning of the components of the computer
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
It is used to process all the arithmetic and logical operations on data
Registers
Registers are the high-speed temporary storage area with least capacity within the CPU
Storage unit
It is used to store the data temporarily or permanently
The two types of storage units are
Primary memory
Secondary memory
Primary memory
It is also called as main memory
It is a temporary storage area
The data required during processing are stored in this memory
It consists of RAM (Random Acess Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory)
Secondary memory
It is also called as external memory
It is a permanent memory
Example: magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk, flash drive, etc.
Output unit
It is used to display or print the output
It converts the binary code into human understandable language
Example: monitor, printer, plotter, speaker
Motherboard
It is the large printed circuit board (PCB) which contains the CPU, memory, expansion slots, video controllers
It provides the platform for all the components and peripherals to communicate with each other
It is the main circuit board of the computer
It is also called as system board
Peripheral devices
Input devices, output devices and secondary storage devices are together called peripheral devices
Characteristics of a motherboard
Motherboard is characterized by form factor, chipset and the type of processor socket used
Form factor
It refers to the motherboard’s geometry, dimensions, arrangement and electrical requirement
Chipset
Chipset controls the majority of resources of the computer
The function of the chipset is to coordinate the data transfer between the various components of the computer
Type of processor socket used
It may be a rectangular connector into which the processor is mounted vertically
Or a square shaped connector into which the processor is directly inserted
Types of motherboards
XT motherboard
AT motherboard
Baby AT motherboard
ATX motherboard
XT motherboard
XT stands for eXtended Technology These are old model motherboards This type of motherboard contains LIF (low insertion force) processor socket It has a lower friction force between the contracts of the device and the socket. Making insertion and removal of the device easier RAM slots DIMM - Dual Inline Memory Module Used to insert the RAM ISA slots Industry standard architecture Used to connect modem and input devices 12 pin power connector Slot type processors No ports Example: Pentium I, Pentium II
AT motherboard
AT stands for Advanced Technology
This type of motherboard consists of
PGA (pin grid array) processor slot
Pins are on the CPU
SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory) slots
PCI (peripheral component interconnect) slots
Used to connect to graphic cards, sound cards, internal modem, etc.
Faster than ISA slots
20 pin power connectors
Example: Pentium III
Baby AT motherboard
These are the combination of XT & AT motherboards This type of motherboard consists of Slot type and PGA processor socket SDRAM & DDRRAM slots DDRRAM– Double Data rate random access memory PCI & ISA slots 12 pin and 20 pin power connections It has ports Example: Pentium III and Pentium IV
ATX motherboard
ATX stands for Advanced Technology eXtended
This type of motherboard is designed by ATX form factor
This type of motherboard consists of
MPGA (Micro pin grid array) processor socket
DDRRAM slots
AGP slots ( Accelerated Graphics Port)
Faster access to graphics card
PCI slots
Primary and secondary IDE interfaces
IDE (Integrated Digital Electronics) - used to connect the CDROM drive and hard disk to the motherboard
SATA Connectors - serial advanced technology
Used to connect the hard disk drive to the motherboard instead of IDE
20 pin and 24 pin ATX power connector
It has ports
Example Pentium IV, dual core i3, i5, i7
Components of the motherboard
Processor/ CPU BIOS CMOS Battery Slots Disk Controllers I/O Ports and Interfaces BUS
Processor or CPU
It is the main component on the motherboard
It is also called as the brain of the computer
The CPU consists of CU, ALU and registers
CU
Controls and coordinates the overall functioning of the components of the computer
