Chapter 1: Typical Configuration Of Computer

Question 1

Computer

Answer 1

It is an electronic device which is used for data processing
It accepts the data as input, stores the data then processes the data and after processing it gives the output to the user

Question 2

Hardware

Answer 2

Physical components of the computer is called as hardware

Question 3

Software

Answer 3

Software is a set of instructions given to the computer to perform a particular task

Question 4

Data

Answer 4

It is a collection of raw facts

Question 5

Information

Answer 5

Processed data (final results) are called as information

Question 6

Users

Answer 6

Users are the people who who writes the computer program or interact with the computer

Question 7

Block diagram of the computer

Answer 7

Refer to the notebook

Question 8

Units of the computer

Answer 8

1. Input unit
2. Central processing unit (CPU)
   ~Control unit (CU)
   ~Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU)
   ~Registers
3. Storage unit
   ~Primary memory
   ~Secondary memory
4. Output unit

Question 9

Control Unit (CU)

Answer 9

It controls the overall operations of the computer
It checks the sequence of execution of instructions
It controls and coordinates the overall functioning of the components of the computer

Question 10

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

Answer 10

It is used to process all the arithmetic and logical operations on data

Question 11

Registers

Answer 11

Registers are the high-speed temporary storage area with least capacity within the CPU

Question 12

Storage unit

Answer 12

It is used to store the data temporarily or permanently
The two types of storage units are
Primary memory
Secondary memory

Question 13

Primary memory

Answer 13

It is also called as main memory
It is a temporary storage area
The data required during processing are stored in this memory
It consists of RAM (Random Acess Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory)

Question 14

Secondary memory

Answer 14

It is also called as external memory
It is a permanent memory
Example: magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk, flash drive, etc.

Question 15

Output unit

Answer 15

It is used to display or print the output
It converts the binary code into human understandable language
Example: monitor, printer, plotter, speaker

Question 16

Motherboard

Answer 16

It is the large printed circuit board (PCB) which contains the CPU, memory, expansion slots, video controllers
It provides the platform for all the components and peripherals to communicate with each other
It is the main circuit board of the computer
It is also called as system board

Question 17

Peripheral devices

Answer 17

Input devices, output devices and secondary storage devices are together called peripheral devices

Question 18

Characteristics of a motherboard

Answer 18

Motherboard is characterized by form factor, chipset and the type of processor socket used

Question 19

Form factor

Answer 19

It refers to the motherboard’s geometry, dimensions, arrangement and electrical requirement

Question 20

Chipset

Answer 20

Chipset controls the majority of resources of the computer

The function of the chipset is to coordinate the data transfer between the various components of the computer

Question 21

Type of processor socket used

Answer 21

It may be a rectangular connector into which the processor is mounted vertically
Or a square shaped connector into which the processor is directly inserted

Question 22

Types of motherboards

Answer 22

XT motherboard
AT motherboard
Baby AT motherboard
ATX motherboard

Question 23

XT motherboard

Answer 23

XT stands for eXtended Technology 
These are old model motherboards
This type of motherboard contains
LIF (low insertion force) processor socket
It has a lower friction force between the contracts of the device and the socket. Making insertion and removal of the device easier
RAM slots
DIMM - Dual Inline Memory Module 
Used to insert the RAM
ISA slots 
Industry standard architecture
Used to connect modem and input devices
12 pin power connector
Slot type processors
No ports
Example: Pentium I, Pentium II

Question 24

AT motherboard

Answer 24

AT stands for Advanced Technology
This type of motherboard consists of
PGA (pin grid array) processor slot
Pins are on the CPU
SDRAM (synchronous dynamic random access memory) slots
PCI (peripheral component interconnect) slots
Used to connect to graphic cards, sound cards, internal modem, etc.
Faster than ISA slots
20 pin power connectors
Example: Pentium III

Question 25

Baby AT motherboard

Answer 25

These are the combination of XT & AT motherboards
This type of motherboard consists of
Slot type and PGA processor socket
SDRAM & DDRRAM slots
DDRRAM– Double Data rate random access memory
PCI & ISA slots
12 pin and 20 pin power connections
It has ports
Example: Pentium III and Pentium IV

Question 26

ATX motherboard

Answer 26

ATX stands for Advanced Technology eXtended
This type of motherboard is designed by ATX form factor
This type of motherboard consists of
MPGA (Micro pin grid array) processor socket
DDRRAM slots
AGP slots ( Accelerated Graphics Port)
Faster access to graphics card
PCI slots
Primary and secondary IDE interfaces
IDE (Integrated Digital Electronics) - used to connect the CDROM drive and hard disk to the motherboard
SATA Connectors - serial advanced technology
Used to connect the hard disk drive to the motherboard instead of IDE
20 pin and 24 pin ATX power connector
It has ports
Example Pentium IV, dual core i3, i5, i7

Question 27

Components of the motherboard

Answer 27

Processor/ CPU
BIOS
CMOS Battery 
Slots
Disk Controllers 
I/O Ports and Interfaces
BUS

Question 28

Processor or CPU

Answer 28

It is the main component on the motherboard
It is also called as the brain of the computer
The CPU consists of CU, ALU and registers

Question 29

CU

Answer 29

Controls and coordinates the overall functioning of the components of the computer