Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ICT > Chapter 1: Types and Components of A Computer System > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Types and Components of A Computer System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two things that make up a computer system?

A

Hardware and software

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is hardware?

A

Hardware is the tangible physical components that make up a computer system that you can touch and feel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is software?

A

Software is the programs that can control a computer system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are these hardware or software:
1.Keyboard
2.Mobile Phone
3.Virus Checker
4.Chip

A

Hardware, hardware, software, hardware

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of software?

A

Application Software and System Software

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Application Software?

A

They are programs that allow the user to perform a specific task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When we list examples of Application Software, do we use brand names?

A

NO, TECHNICAL NAMES ONLY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some examples of Application Software?

A

Some examples are:
-Word Processor
-Spreadsheet
-Database
-Presentation
-Control and measuring software
-Apps
-Applet
-Photo editing
-Video editing
-Graphics editing
-Audio production and editing
-Computer-Aided design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is System Software?

A

They are programs that let the hardware run properly and the user communicate with the computer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are a few examples of System Software?

A

Some examples are:
-Complier
-Linkers
-Device Driver
-Operating System(OS)
-Utilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a compiler do?

A

A compiler transforms high-level language to machine language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do linkers do?

A

A linker links multiple compiled programs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of hardware?

A

Internal and external

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is internal hardware?

A

It is the computer parts that are found inside a computer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some examples of internal hardware?

A

-Motherboard
-CPU
-RAM
-ROM
-Video card
-Sound card
-HDD
-SSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the types of data?

A

Analogue and digital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In analogue, how is information represented by?

A

It is represented by a quantity that is a continuous variable such as an electric current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or False?
Physical measurements are digital

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In digital, how is information represented by?

A

It is represented by a fixed value, usually by the digits 1 and 0.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Analogue signals are denoted by…

A

Sine waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Digital signals are denoted by…

A

Square waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Are these examples of analogue or digital data?
1. Human voice
2. Computers
3. CDs
4.DVDs
5. Thermometer
6. Speakers

A

1.Analogue
2. Digital
3. Digital
4. Digital
5. Analogue
6. Analogue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does ADC stand for and what is it?

A

It stands for Analogue to Digital Converter. It is a device that is used to convert Analogue signal to Digital signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does DAC stand for and what is it?

A

It stands for Digital to Analogue Converter. It is a device that is used to convert Digital signal to Analogue signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an actuator?

A

An actuator is a device that causes a machine or other device to work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Data from the sensor needs to be converted
from analogue to digital before it is processed.

Explain the need for this conversion:

A

The sensor only reads analogue data while the microprocessor only reads digital data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the three types of external hardware?

A

Input, out, storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are two examples of input devices?

A

Keyboard and mouse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are two examples of output devices?

A

Monitor and printer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are two examples of storage devices?

A

DVD R/Q drive and removable hard drive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a CPU?

A

It is the part of a computer that interprets and executes the commands from the computer hardware and software. It is a part of a computer’s motherboard made of discrete components and integrated circuits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the three main components of the CPU?

A
  1. Control Unit
  2. Arithmetic and Logical Unit
  3. Immediate Access Store
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does the Control Unit do?

A

It controls the input and output devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does the ALU do?

A

It performs calculations and decision-making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does the IAS do?

A

It holds the data and program instruction being used currently by the CPU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Where are the application software, disk, OS, and files stored?

A

In the computer’s main internal storage, HDD or SSD

37
Q

What are the advantages of main internal storage?

A
  1. Fast data transfer/access times
  2. Large capacity
38
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random Access Memory

39
Q

What is RAM used for?

A

It stores the running applications and software

40
Q

Is RAM volatile?

A

Yes

41
Q

True or false:
RAM is read only

A

False, it is read and write

42
Q

What does ROM stand for?

A

Read-Only Memory

43
Q

What is the use of ROM?

A

It stores the program required to initially boot the computer

44
Q

Is ROM volatile?

A

No, it is non-volatile

45
Q

True or false:
ROM is read only

A

True

46
Q

What does BIOS do?(list three things)

A

It tells the computer what to do when it first starts, carries out the hardware check when the computer is turned on, and it loads the OS into the RAM.

47
Q

True or false:
BIOS stores date, time, and system configuration in a volatile chip

A

False, it stores them in a non-volatile chip

48
Q

What are the 6 functions of the OS?

A

It controls and maintains the hardware, supervises the loading, running, and storage of application programs, deals with errors that occur in application programs, maintains security for the whole computer system, maintains a computer log, and allows communication between the user and computer system.

49
Q

What are four types of UI?

A

CLI, GUI, dialogue-based interface, gesture-based interface

50
Q

What is CLI?

A

CLI is a type of UI where the user needs to learn and type commands to tell the computer what to do. The user mustn’t make any typing errors. Technicians usually use CLI because it can access everything on the computer system.

51
Q

What are some advantages for CLI?

A

When you know the correct commands, using this interface will be a lot faster than using another interface type, it uses less memory, can be used with cheap monitors, and doesn’t need Windows to run.

52
Q

What are some disadvantages for CLI?

A

It can be confusing, making a typing error will make the command fail and you’ll need to start typing all over again, and you will need to learn many complicated commands.

53
Q

What is GUI?

A

It is a user interface that is user-friendly since it uses WIMP.

54
Q

What does WIMP stand for?

A

W- Windows
I-Icons
M-Menus
P-Pointer

55
Q

What are some advantages for GUI?

A

It is easy to use, easy to explore and find your way around the system, and you don’t need to learn commands

56
Q

What are some disadvantages for GUI?

A

It takes up a larger amount of hard disk space, uses more memory to run, uses more processing power, and can seem slow to programmers who have used CLI.

57
Q

What is Dialogue-based interface?

A

It is a User Interface that allows a user to interact with the computer through a spoken word or phrase. In return, the computer carries out an action.

58
Q

What are some advantages of dialogue-based interface?

A

It allows hand-free control, the user doesn’t need to be trained, and it is safer when operating machinery

59
Q

What are some disadvantages of dialogue-based interface?

A

The user will have to learn the commands to be used, the users need to train the interface with their voice, it isn’t reliable if there is background noise, it isn’t suitable for safety-critical commands, and it is expensive since it’s complex to command.

60
Q

What is gesture-based interface?

A

It is a User Interface that uses computer sensors to detect and understand human gestures and movements, usually of the face and hands, without touching a physical device.

61
Q

What are some advantages of gesture-based interface?

A

You don’t need to be close to the device(you can do the gestures from where you already are),you don’t need to use a pointing device, and you don’t need to enter commands with a keyboard.

62
Q

What are some disadvantages of gesture-based interface?

A

The user needs to learn which gestures to use for their request, they might have to wear motion-tracking gloves, and the system needs to recognise the face and hand gestures.

63
Q

What are PCs made up of?

A

A separate monitor, keyboard, mouse, and processing unit.

64
Q

What are PCs used for?

A

Office work, education, playing games, entertainment

65
Q

What are some advantages of a PC?

A

The spare parts have low costs, it has better specifications, the large casing allows good dissipation of heat build-up, is less likely to be damaged, power consumption isn’t critical, and internet access is more stable.

66
Q

What are some disadvantages of a PC?

A

They aren’t portable, the wiring clutters up the desk space, and it is necessary to copy files because they aren’t portable.

67
Q

True or false:
Laptops refer to computers with a monitor, keyboard, pointing device, and processor separated

A

False, it refers to them together in a single unit

68
Q

What are some advantages of a laptop?

A

They are portable, don’t have trailing wires, have full advantage of Wi-Fi, and can link to any multimedia system.

69
Q

What are some disadvantages of a laptop?

A

They are easy to steal, have a limited battery, the keyboard and pointing devices is awkward to use, and heat dissipation is difficult because of the laptop’s structure.

70
Q

True or false:
Tablets are internet-enabled portable computers that use touch-screen technology.

A

True

71
Q

What are the four sensors a tablet uses?

A

Proximity sensors, accelerometer, sophisticated speech- recognitions system, and touch screens

72
Q

What are proximity sensors used to detect?

A

They are used to detect if the device is close to something

73
Q

What is an accelerometer used to detect?

A

It is used to detect movement of the device

74
Q

What are some advantages of a tablet?

A

They are very fast to switch on, fully portable, use touch-screen technology, use several Apps as standard, don’t generate heat, have a long battery life, it goes into standby but still remains connected to the internet when the power button is pressed, it accesses the internet through Wi-Fi or 3G/4G/5G, has less weight, and has front and back-facing cameras.

75
Q

What are some disadvantages of a tablet?

A

They have limited memory, are expensive to run, you will need to type on a touch screen, transferring of files needs to be done through an “App Store”, and they support fewer types of file formats.

76
Q

True or false:
Smartphones allow normal phone calls to be made but also have an OS that allows it to run a number of computer applications

A

True

77
Q

What are the uses of smartphones?

A

They can help you send and receive emails, surf the net, use GPS, use a calendar, telephone banking, Voice over Internet Protocol, stream videos and music, access social media, and message people instantly.

78
Q

What are some advantages of a smartphone?

A

They are small and light, can be used to make phone calls and can connect to the internet while on the move, can be used anywhere, have hundreds of apps, and have a reasonable battery life.

79
Q

What are some disadvantages of a smartphone?

A

They have small screens so reading pages and typing may be difficult, web browsing and photography can drain the battery quickly, they have a small memory size, not all website features are compatible, easy to lose, the data transfer rate is slower than Wi-Fi.

80
Q

What is a phablet?

A

It is a smartphone with a screen size that is larger than a smartphone but smaller than a tablet.

81
Q

What is AI?

A

It is the ability of a digital computer to perform tasks the need some sort of intelligence

82
Q

What are 4 examples of AI?

A

Biometric systems, autonomous machines, analysis test results in the medical field, robotics

83
Q

True or false:
Biometrics use dynamic profiling and some examples are fingerprint identification systems and facial-recognition systems

A

True

84
Q

What is the difference between industrial robots and AI robots?

A

Industrial robots do the same task over and over again very well, and can’t teach themselves another task unless a human reprograms them while an AI robot modifies its own behaviour to achieve other outcomes without a human reprogramming them.

85
Q

What is XR?

A

Extended Reality uses immersive technology to put us in a virtual or combined virtual and reality enviroments

86
Q

What are two types of XR?

A

VR and AR

87
Q

What is VR?

A

It is an artificial environment that is created by a software. The users will need to use data goggles, sensor suits, data gloves, and helmets.

87
Q

What areas is VR is used in?(You don’t need to say all just say as many as you can)

A

Military applications, heritage, education, business, healthcare, real estate, entertainment, engineering, sport, fashion, media, and scientific visualisation.

88
Q

What is AR?

A

It is a type of XR that allows the user to interact with the real world and virtual world at the same time using data goggles, smartphones, or phablets.

ICT (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions