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Medical Terminology > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

define “word root”

A

essential meaning of a medical term, refers to body structure, organ, or system.

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2
Q

define “prefixes”

A

found at the beginning of a medical term. indicates information such as: abnormal conditions, numbers, positions, or times.

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3
Q

define “suffixes”

A

found at the end of a medical term. Information it provides: conditions, diseases, surgical and diagnostic procedures involving word root.

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4
Q

define “combining vowels”

A

used to connect medical terms, placed in between a word root and suffix (when suffix begins with a constant) or between two word roots. NOT used between prefixes and word root.

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5
Q

combining form example

A

rhin-o = nose

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6
Q

when NOT to use combining vowels

A

DON’T use between word root and suffix if the suffix begins with a vowel

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7
Q

another way to use a combining vowel

A

DO place combining vowels between 2 word roots, even if the second word root ends with a vowel.

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8
Q

3 types of medical terms and name an example

A

latin/greek, cardiology
eponym, Alzheimer’s disease
modern english, irritable bowel syndrome

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9
Q

Name the 3 different planes

A

Frontal or coronal
Sagittal
Transverse

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10
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standing upright, eyes looking straight ahead, arms down at sides, palm facing forward, fingers extended, legs together and feet pointing forward.

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11
Q

Frontal Plane

A

divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

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12
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

divides the body into right and left portions

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13
Q

Transverse Plane

A

divides body into upper and lower portions

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14
Q

Proximal

A

near to

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15
Q

Distal

A

away from

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16
Q

Posterior

A

back side

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17
Q

Anterior

A

front sides

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18
Q

Superior

A

towards the head

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19
Q

Inferior

A

towards tail

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20
Q

Deep

A

below the surface

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21
Q

Superficial

A

near the surface

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22
Q

Prone

A

lie face down

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23
Q

Supine

A

lie face up

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24
Q

Axillary

A

underarm area

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25
Q

Palmar

A

palm of the hand

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26
Q

Lower extremity

A

entire leg

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27
Q

Upper extremity

A

entire arm

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28
Q

Plantar

A

sole of the foot

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29
Q

Popliteal

A

back of the knee

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30
Q

Trunk

A

torso

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31
Q

Umbilical

A

navel area

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32
Q

RUQ (right upper quadrant)

A

Liver
Right kidney
Large/Small intestine
Pancreas
Gallbladder

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33
Q

RLQ (right lower quadrant)

A

Large/Small intestine
Right ureter
Appendix
Right ovary
Right uterine tube

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34
Q

LUQ (left upper quadrant)

A

Liver
Spleen
Left kidney
Stomach
Large/small intestine
Pancreas

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35
Q

LLQ (left lower quadrant)

A

Large/small intestine
Left ureter
Left ovary
Left uterine tube

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36
Q

Name 9 regions

A

Right hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Right iliac (inguinal)
Epigastric
Umbillical
Left hypochondriac
Left lumbar
Left iliac (inguinal)
Hypogastric

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37
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

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38
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint

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39
Q

athrocentesis

A

removal of a fluid from a joint

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40
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of a joint

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41
Q

arthrography

A

process of visualizing a joint by xray

42
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair of a joint

43
Q

arthroscopy

A

examination of the interior of a joint with an arthroscope

44
Q

atrophy

A

process of development of loss of muscle bulk

45
Q

bone

A

a type of connective tissue and an organ of the musculoskeletal system

46
Q

bone graft

A

piece of bone taken from the patient and used to replace a removed bone or a bony defect at another site

47
Q

bone scan

A

radioactive dye, scanning equipment used to visualize bones

48
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow movement

49
Q

bursectomy

A

surgical removal of a bursa

50
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

51
Q

carpal

A

pertaining to the wrist

52
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

painful disorder of the wrist and hand, symptoms include weakness, pain, burning, tingling, and aching in the forearm, wrist, and hand

53
Q

chondral

A

pertaining to cartilage

54
Q

chondritis

A

inflammation of cartilage

55
Q

chondroma

A

cartilage tumor

56
Q

clavicle

A

aka collar bone, bone of the pectoral girdle

57
Q

closed fracture

A

simple fracture with no open skin

58
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

59
Q

comminuted fracture

A

fracture in which the bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed into many pieces or fragments

60
Q

compound fracture

A

open fracture in which the skin has been broken through

61
Q

compression fracture

A

fracture involving loss of height of a vertebral body

62
Q

contracture

A

abnormal shortening of a muscle, making it difficult to stretch the muscle

63
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull

64
Q

cranioplasty

A

surgical repair of the skull

65
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into the skull

66
Q

deep tendon reflexes DTR

A

muscle contraction in response to a stretch caused by striking the muscle tendon with a reflex hammer

67
Q

dislocation

A

occurs when the bones in a joint are displaced

68
Q

dual energy absorptiometry DXA

A

measurement of bone density using low dose x-ray for the purpose of detecting osteoporosis

69
Q

dyskinesia

A

difficult or painful movement

70
Q

electromyography EMG

A

recording of the electrical patterns of a muscle

71
Q

femur

A

thigh bone, lower extremity bone

72
Q

fibromyalgia

A

condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and soft tissue

73
Q

fibula

A

lower leg bone

74
Q

fixation

A

procedure to stabilize a fractured bone while it heals

75
Q

external fixation

A

casts, splints, and pins inserted through the skin

76
Q

internal fixation

A

includes pins, plates, rods, screws, and wires that are applied during surgery

77
Q

fracture FX

A

injury to a bone that causes it to break

78
Q

greenstick fracture

A

fracture in which there is an incomplete break, one side of the bone is broken and the other is bent

79
Q

herniated nucleus pulpous HNP

A

rupture of the fibrocartilage disk between two vertebrae; results in pressure on a spinal nerve and causes pain, weakness, and nerve damage; also called a slipped disk

80
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

81
Q

hyperkinesia

A

excessive amount of movement

82
Q

illium

A

one of the three bones that form the pelvis

83
Q

impacted fracture

A

fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into each other

84
Q

intracranial

A

pertaining to inside the skull

85
Q

ischium

A

one of the three bones that forms the pelvis

86
Q

joint

A

point where 2 bones meet

87
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine

88
Q

ligament

A

strong bands of connective tissue that bind bones together at a joint

89
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

90
Q

mandible

A

lower jawbone

91
Q

maxilla

A

upper jawbone

92
Q

metacarpal

A

hand bones

93
Q

metatarsal

A

foot bones

94
Q

muscle

A

bundles of a parallel muscle tissue fibers

95
Q

muscular

A

pertaining to muscles

96
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

inherited disease causing progressive muscle weakness and atrophy

97
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

98
Q

myasthenia

A

lack of muscle strength

99
Q

myeloma

A

cancerous tumor in bone marrow

100
Q

myelopathy

A

spinal cord disease, red bone marrow disease

101
Q
A

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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