Chapter 1 Theory Flashcards
Italian dressing contains olive oil and vinegar, which will separate out from each other if left to sit. This makes the dressing a:
heterogeneous mixture
A silver bar is an example of a(n)
Element
Density is defined as mass _____________ volume.
divided by
Which of the following metric prefixes corresponds to 10³?
kilo-
What is the definition of a scientific law?
It summarizes an observable behavior.
A theory is another word for a(n) _________.
model
hypothesis
a tentative explanation of
1.1 * Chemistry in Context 11
observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking information
chemistry
the study of the composition,
properties, and interactions of matter.
laws of science
summarize a vast number of experimental observations, and describe or predict some facet of the natural
world.
Scientific theories
are well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanations of
particular aspects of nature.
scientific method
The path of discovery that leads from question and observation
to law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis and any necessary
modification of the theory
macroscopic domain
It is the realm of
everyday things that are large enough to be sensed directly by human sight or touch.
microscopic domain
of chemistry is often visited in the
imagination. Some aspects of the microscopic domain are visible through standard optical microscopes, for
example, many biological cells.
symbolic domain
contains the specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic
and microscopic domains.
Matter
anything that occupies space and has mass, and it is all around us. Solids and liquids are
more obviously matter:
solid
rigid
and possesses a definite shape
liquid
flows and takes the shape of its container, except that it forms a flat or
slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity
gas
takes both the
shape and volume of its container.
plasma
is a gaseous state of matter
that contains appreciable numbers of electrically charged particle
mass
of an object is a measure of the amount of matter in it. One way to measure an object’s mass is to
measure the force it takes to accelerate the object.
Weight
refers to the force that gravity exerts on an
object. This force is directly proportional to the mass of the object.
law of conservation of matter
there
is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another
(a chemical change) or changes among solid, liquid, or gaseous states (a physical change)
pure substance
has a constant composition.
elements.
Pure substances that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes
compounds
Pure substances that are comprised of two or more elements are called
mixture
composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and can be
separated by physical changes, such as evaporation
homogeneous mixture aka
solution
heterogeneous mixture
A mixture with a
a composition that varies from point to point is called a
homogeneous mixture
exhibits a uniform composition and appears visually the
same throughout
atom
the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element and can enter into a
chemical combination
