Chapter 1 Theory

Question 1

Italian dressing contains olive oil and vinegar, which will separate out from each other if left to sit. This makes the dressing a:

Answer 1

heterogeneous mixture

Question 2

A silver bar is an example of a(n)

Answer 2

Element

Question 3

Density is defined as mass _____________ volume.

Answer 3

divided by

Question 4

Which of the following metric prefixes corresponds to 10³?

Answer 4

kilo-

Question 5

What is the definition of a scientific law?

Answer 5

It summarizes an observable behavior.

Question 6

A theory is another word for a(n) _________.

Answer 6

model

Question 7

hypothesis

Answer 7

a tentative explanation of
1.1 * Chemistry in Context 11
observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking information

Question 8

chemistry

Answer 8

the study of the composition,
properties, and interactions of matter.

Question 9

laws of science

Answer 9

summarize a vast number of experimental observations, and describe or predict some facet of the natural
world.

Question 10

Scientific theories

Answer 10

are well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanations of
particular aspects of nature.

Question 11

scientific method

Answer 11

The path of discovery that leads from question and observation
to law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis and any necessary
modification of the theory

Question 12

macroscopic domain

Answer 12

It is the realm of
everyday things that are large enough to be sensed directly by human sight or touch.

Question 13

microscopic domain

Answer 13

of chemistry is often visited in the
imagination. Some aspects of the microscopic domain are visible through standard optical microscopes, for
example, many biological cells.

Question 14

symbolic domain

Answer 14

contains the specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic
and microscopic domains.

Question 15

Matter

Answer 15

anything that occupies space and has mass, and it is all around us. Solids and liquids are
more obviously matter:

Question 16

solid

Answer 16

rigid
and possesses a definite shape

Question 17

liquid

Answer 17

flows and takes the shape of its container, except that it forms a flat or
slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity

Question 18

gas

Answer 18

takes both the
shape and volume of its container.

Question 19

plasma

Answer 19

is a gaseous state of matter
that contains appreciable numbers of electrically charged particle

Question 20

mass

Answer 20

of an object is a measure of the amount of matter in it. One way to measure an object’s mass is to
measure the force it takes to accelerate the object.

Question 21

Weight

Answer 21

refers to the force that gravity exerts on an
object. This force is directly proportional to the mass of the object.

Question 22

law of conservation of matter

Answer 22

there
is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another
(a chemical change) or changes among solid, liquid, or gaseous states (a physical change)

Question 23

pure substance

Answer 23

has a constant composition.

Question 24

elements.

Answer 24

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes

Question 25

compounds

Answer 25

Pure substances that are comprised of two or more elements are called

Question 26

mixture

Answer 26

composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and can be separated by physical changes, such as evaporation

Question 27

homogeneous mixture aka

Answer 27

solution

Question 27

heterogeneous mixture

Answer 27

A mixture with a a composition that varies from point to point is called a

Question 28

homogeneous mixture

Answer 28

exhibits a uniform composition and appears visually the same throughout

Question 29

atom

Answer 29

the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element and can enter into a chemical combination

Question 30

molecule

Answer 30

consists of two or more atoms joined by strong forces called chemical bonds

Question 31

physical property

Answer 31

is a characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition

Question 32

example of physical property

Answer 32

density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity.

Question 33

physical change

Answer 33

a change in the state or properties of matter without any accompanying change in the chemical identities of the substances contained in the matter.

Question 34

examples of physical change

Answer 34

wax melts, when sugar dissolves in coffee, and when steam condenses into liquid water, magnetizing and demagnetizing metals, grinding solids into powders (

Question 35

chemical change

Answer 35

always produces one or more types of matter that differ from the matter present before the change.

Answer 36

all forms of combustion (burning), and food being cooked, digested, or rotting , rust, explsion

Question 37

extensive property.

Answer 37

If the property depends on the amount of matter present

Question 38

examples of extensive property.

Answer 38

mass and volume,

Question 39

intensive property.

Answer 39

If the property of a sample of matter does not depend on the amount of matter presen

Question 40

Temperature is an example of an_________ property

Answer 40

intensive property

Question 41

heat is an example of an_________ property

Answer 41

extensive property.

Question 42

harzard health 4

Answer 42

deadly

Question 43

harzard health 3

Answer 43

extramly danger

Question 44

harzard health 2

Answer 44

hazardous

Question 45

xharzard health 1

Answer 45

slightly hazardous

Question 46

health hazard 0

Answer 46

normal material

Question 47

specific Hazard OX

Answer 47

oxizadizer

Question 48

specific Hazard ACID

Answer 48

Acid

Question 49

specific Hazard ALK

Answer 49

Alkali

Question 50

specific Hazard cor

Answer 50

corrosive

Question 51

specific Hazard W

Answer 51

use no water

Question 52

fire hazard 4

Answer 52

below 73

Question 53

faire hazard 3

Answer 53

below 100

Question 54

fire hazard 2

Answer 54

avove 100 not over 200

Question 55

fire hazard 1

Answer 55

above 200

Question 56

fire hazard 0

Answer 56

will not burn

Question 57

reactivity 4

Answer 57

may detonate

Question 58

reactivity 3

Answer 58

shock and heat may detonate

Question 59

reactivity 2

Answer 59

violent chemical change

Question 60

reactivity 1

Answer 60

unstavel if heated

Question 61

reactivity 0

Answer 61

stable

Question 62

Units

Answer 62

are standards of comparison for measurements

Question 63

SI Units

Answer 63

standards for these units are fixed by international agreement,

Question 64

femto

Answer 64

-15

Question 65

pico

Answer 65

-12

Question 66

nano

Answer 66

-9

Question 67

micro

Answer 67

-6

Question 68

milli

Answer 68

-3

Question 69

centi

Answer 69

-2

Question 70

deci

Answer 70

-1

Question 71

kilo

Answer 71

3

Question 72

mega

Answer 72

6

Question 73

giga

Answer 73

9

Question 74

tera

Answer 74

12

Question 75

1 cm^3

Answer 75

1 ml

Question 76

density

Answer 76

ratio of the mass of a sample of the substance to its volume

Question 77

accuracy

Answer 77

how closely a measurement aligns with a correct value