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Fabric Science > Chapter 1: The Textile Industry > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Textile Industry Flashcards

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1
Q

The textile industry is the primary material source for the following three groups. And what are the %’s.

A
  • Apparel: 35%
  • Interior Furnishings: 35%
  • Industrial: 30%
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2
Q

What does apparel consist of?

A

Clothing

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3
Q

What does Interior Furnishings consist of?

A

furniture, bath, kitchen, bedding

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4
Q

What does Industrial consist of?

A

luggage, flags, boat sails, bandages, dust filters, construction materials,
automotive

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5
Q

What are the Major Production Segments of Textiles?

A

(The raw materials and processes of manufacturing a finished textile material.)
1.Fibres
2.Yarns
3.Fabrics
4.Dyeing and Printing
5.Finishing
6.Textile “Put Up”

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6
Q

Define Fibres

A

Fibres: fine, hair-like substances, smallest component of a textile product.
* Natural e.g., cotton or wool
* Manufactured e.g., nylon, polyester, acrylic.

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7
Q

Define Yarn

A

natural or manufactured fibres that have been twisted together to form a continuous strand.

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8
Q

Define Fabric

A

Assembly of yarns and/or fibres into a cohesive structure. Fabric can be woven, knit or
non-woven. Companies that make fabrics are called mills.

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9
Q

Define Dyeing & Printing

A

adding colours or patterns e.g., stripes, dots, florals to textile products.

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10
Q

Define Finish

A

chemical or mechanical treatment that modifies the properties of a textile product.

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11
Q

Define Textile Put-Up

A

term used to indicate the way fabric is packaged when it is sold. (e.g. Most
fabrics sold to garment and other manufacturers are in a roll.)

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12
Q

What are the 3 ways fabric can be sold as?

A
  • Shorts: pieces of fabric shorter than 40 yds or 36.5 meters
  • Remnants: 1-10 yd pieces of of fabric or up to 9 meters
  • Pound goods/Kilo goods: short pieces of fabric, less than a yard or a meter mostly used for stuffing furniture and dolls.
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13
Q

What are the dimensions or shorts?

A

0 to 40 yds or 36.5 meters

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14
Q

what are the dimensions of remnants?

A

1-10yd or up to 9 meters

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15
Q

What are pound goods/ kilo goods (form of fabric) most commonly used for

A

stuffing furniture and dolls

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16
Q

What are the Primary Sources of Fabric?

A

Mill, converters, importers, direct importers, import mill

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17
Q

What is a Mill?

A

A company that owns machinery to make fabric.
* Mills do not make their own fibres.
* Companies called Fibre Manufacturers make fibres.
Textile Mills sell to apparel manufacturers, converters

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18
Q

Who do textile mills sell to?

A

apparel manufacturers and converters

19
Q

What are converters?

A
  • Individual or company that buys greige fabrics (unfinished, unbleached, undyed fabric)
  • Sells them as a finished product after arranging for the finishing of the fabric,

e.g.: bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., to the buyers’ specifications.

20
Q

Who do converters sell to?

A

cutters, wholesalers, retailers, and others.

21
Q

What is a Direct Importer?

A

buys fabric or finished products from a foreign mill and brings into the U.S. or Canada.

22
Q

What is an Import Mill

A

an overseas company that makes fabric that is exported to the U.S. or Canada.

23
Q

What are the 3 Secondary Sources of Fabric?

A

Jobbers, Retailers, Overseas Agents

24
Q

What is a Jobber?

A

buy overruns, discontinued fabrics from: Mills, Converters and Apparel Manufacturers.
- They offer low prices but not continuity of a fabric.
- King Textiles in Toronto is a jobber.

25
Q

What is a Retail Store?

A

textiles for home sewers. Large variety of fabrics with small inventory.

26
Q

What is an Overseas Agent?

A

person or company that represents an exporter or importer in countries where it conducts business

27
Q

What is the difference between and domestic company and an import company?

A

Domestic Company: Produces or buy textiles in their own countries for sale within or export outside their own country. The domestic industry has shrunk in the past 25 years due to the growth of imports.
Import Company: Most imported textile products are produced in low-wage, developing countries
* Overseas low labour cost creates high demand in Canada and the US
* There is also a demand for foreign products considered to be superior.

28
Q

What are the benefits of the Import Textile Industry

A

The cost of importing from low-wage countries, including transportation and lengthened delivery schedules is still lower than producing textiles in Canada and the U.S.
Note: Not all imported fabrics are desirable for their low cost:
More expensive imports: Woolens from England or Scotland (Harris tweed), silk from Japan, fabrics from Italy and apparel from France

29
Q

How are fabrics purchased by designers/ houses?

A
  • Fabrics are purchased from written specifications or a sample
  • Fabric quality varies from mill to mill
30
Q

What are some companies that influence mills?

A

Fashion designers work with textile mill designers to create a specific product Some Designers that influence mills:
Miuccia Prada, Dries Van Noten, Chanel, Stella McCartney

31
Q

What is a private label?

A

Retail brand in which apparel or other sewn products are manufactured
specifically for a retailer and sold exclusively by the retailer.

32
Q

How long does it take to design woven fabrics for apparel before it hits the stores?

A

1.5 - 2 years

33
Q

How long does fabric designing for a new season take approx?

A

Fabric designing for a new season takes approx 6 months.

34
Q

Where can you see new fabrics and when? (Market and Production Planning)

A

New fabrics are shown at fabric shows about a year before the retail selling.

35
Q

Give two examples of new merchandise schedule for fast fashion brands

A

ZARA - receives deliveries of new merchandise twice per week.
* H & M - receives daily shipments of merchandise

36
Q

Fashion is the #_ polluter in the world

A

second

37
Q

What are the different environmental issues connected with producing textiles?

A
  • Air and water pollution
  • Disposal of waste products
  • Health and safety of workers
  • Water pollution from home laundering
38
Q

What are the steps that the industry is taking to reduce the effects of pollution?

A
  • Water is cleaned and filtered after production and before being discharged
  • Toxic waste is disposed of in regulated dumps, and air emissions are filtered.
  • Some chemicals used in production can be recycled.
39
Q

Within the textile industry recycled products include:

A

” Fibres, yarns, fabric, garments and used chemicals.
“ The waste of one company can become the raw material of another.

40
Q

What does Fair Trade indicate?

A

Fair Trade indicates product is:
* produced without labour exploitation
* using environmentally sustainable practices
* ensuring producers receive fair prices.

41
Q

What are the two major international Fair Trade groups?

A

Two major international Fair Trade groups:
* Fair Trade Labeling Organization International – FLO
* International Federation for Alternative Trade - IFAT

42
Q

What are examples of slow fashion?

A

Buying vintage clothes, redesigning old clothes, shopping from smaller producers, making clothes and accessories at home and buying garments that last longer.” (Wikipedia) Fashion Rental for one-time events is now an alternative to buying an outfit for a single occasion.

43
Q

Who attends trade shows? Where do they take place? And what are the major ones?

A
  • manufacturers (large and small)
  • retail buyers.
    The major trade shows take place annually in Europe and in the U.S. and Canada. Trade shows include: Tex World Paris, Premiere Vision New York, Heimtextil
44
Q

What are some examples of textile careers?

A
  • Fashion Industry
  • Textile Technology
  • Merchandising
  • Management
  • Environmental protection
  • Sales
  • Forecasting colour and trends “ Consultant

Fabric Science (1 decks)

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