Chapter 1: The Study of Life

Question 1

basic science

Answer 1

to expand knowledge without any expectation of short-term practical application of that knowledge

Question 2

applied science

Answer 2

to solve practical problems

Question 3

hypothesis

Answer 3

a suggested explanation for an event, which one can test

Question 4

theory

Answer 4

a tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena

Question 5

natural sciences

Answer 5

science related to the physical world and its phenomena and processes natural sciences

Question 6

life sciences

Answer 6

branch of natural science; study of living things and includes biology

Question 7

physical sciences

Answer 7

branch of natural science; study of nonliving matter and include astronomy, geology, physics, and chemistry

Question 8

inductive reasoning

Answer 8

a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion

Question 9

deductive reasoning

Answer 9

a form of logical thinking that uses a general principle or law to predict specific results

Question 10

descriptive (discovery) science

Answer 10

usually inductive, aims to observe, explore, and discover

Question 11

hypothesis-based science

Answer 11

usually deductive, begins with a specific question or problem and a potential answer or solution that one can test

Question 12

Properties of Life

Answer 12

order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, regulation/homeostasis, energy processing, and evolution

Question 13

atom

Answer 13

the smallest and most fundamental unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

Question 14

molecule

Answer 14

a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemical bonds

Question 15

macromolecule

Answer 15

formed by polymerization, biologically important large molecule

Question 16

polymer

Answer 16

a large molecule that is made by combining smaller units called monomers

Question 17

organelles

Answer 17

a sub-cellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell

Question 18

cell

Answer 18

the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms

Question 19

prokaryotes

Answer 19

single-celled or colonial organisms that do not have membrane-bound nuclei; includes bacteria and archaea

Question 20

eukaryotes

Answer 20

any cell or organism with membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus; includes fungi, plants, and animals

Question 21

tissues

Answer 21

groups of similar cells carrying out similar or related functions

Question 22

organs

Answer 22

present in animals and plants; collections of tissues grouped together performing a common function

Question 23

organ system

Answer 23

a higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs

Question 24

organisms

Answer 24

individual living entities

Question 25

population

Answer 25

all the individuals of a species living within a specific area

Question 26

community

Answer 26

the sum of populations inhabiting a particular area

Question 27

ecosystem

Answer 27

all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment such as nitrogen in the soil or rain water

Question 28

biosphere

Answer 28

the collection of all ecosystems, representing the zones of life on Earth, including land, water, and even the atmosphere to a certain extent.

Question 29

evolution

Answer 29

the process of gradual change in a population or species over time

Question 30

domain

Answer 30

the highest taxonomic rank of all organisms taken together, consisting Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya