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Medical langauge | Susan M turkey 4th Edition > Chapter 1 | The Structure Of Medical Language > Flashcards

Chapter 1 | The Structure Of Medical Language Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  • logy
A

Study of

Suffix

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2
Q

-ion

A

Action; condition

Suffix

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3
Q

Five language skills

A 
1 Reading
2 listening
3 Thinking, analyzing and understanding 
4 Writing ( or typing ) and spelling
5 Speaking and pronouncing
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4
Q

Etymology

A

Study of word origin

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5
Q

Make plural

Areola

A

Areolae

ah REE oh lee

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6
Q

Make plural
Conjunctiva
( con-junk-TY-vah)

A

Conjunctivae
( con-junk-TY-vee)

the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids.

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7
Q

Make plural

Scapula

A

Scapulae

Shoulder blade

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8
Q

Make plural

Vertebra

A

Vertebrae

VER-the-bree

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9
Q

When a Latin word ends in -a

Form the plural by changing -a to

A
  • ae
    ( adding e )
    Pronounced ee
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10
Q

When a Latin word ends in -us

Form the plural by changing -US to

A
  • i

( exceptions to this rule are the Latin words fetus, virus and sinus, whose plural forms are the English-type plurals fetuses, viruses, and sinuses )

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11
Q

Make plural
Alveolus
(Al-VEE-oh-Lu’s)

A

Alveoli
(al-VEE-oh-lie)

  1. any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.
    • an acinus (saclike cavity) in a gland.
  2. the bony socket for the root of a tooth.
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12
Q

Make plural

Bronchus

A

Bronchi
(BRONG-ki)

any of the major air passages of the lungs which diverge from the windpipe.

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13
Q

Make Plural
Glomerulus
(Gloh-MAIR-yoo-lus)

A

Glomeruli
(gloh-MAIR-too-lie)

a cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, in particular a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood.

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14
Q

Make plural

Nucleus

A

Nuclei

BIOLOGY
a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
ANATOMY
a discrete mass of gray matter in the central nervous system.

the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth

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15
Q

Make plural
Thrombus
(THRAWM-bus)

A

Thrombi
(THRAWM-by)

a blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow.

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16
Q

When a Latin singular noun ends in -um form a plural by changing -um to

A

-a

Q: how do we know if it’s not a Singular Latin word?

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17
Q

Make plural

Bacterium

A

Bacteria

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18
Q

Make plural

Diverticulum

A

Diverticula

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19
Q

Make plural

Labium

A

Labia

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20
Q

Make plural

ovum

A

ova

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21
Q

When a Latin singular noun ends in -is form the plural by changing -is to

A

-es

Q: how do we know if it’s Latin or Greek?

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22
Q

Make plural

Diagnosis

A

Diagnoses

Q: how do we know if it’s Latin or Greek?

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23
Q

Make plural

Testis

A

Testes

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24
Q

When a Latin singular noun ends in -ex

Form the plural by changing -ex to

A

-Ices

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25
Q

Make plural

Apex

A

Apices

Apex: The Latin word for summit, the apex is the tip of a pyramidal or rounded structure, such as the lung or the heart. The apex of the lung is indeed its tip- its rounded most superior portion.

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26
Q

Make plural

Cortex

A

Cortices

the outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex ), composed of folded gray matter and playing an important role in consciousness.
an outer layer of another organ or body part such as a kidney (the renal cortex ), the cerebellum, or a hair.

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27
Q

Make plural

Index

A

Indices

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28
Q

When a Greek singular noun ends in -is

Form a plural by changing -is to

A

-ides

Q; how do we know if it’s Latin or Greek?

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29
Q 
Make plural (G)
Epididymis
A

Epididymides

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30
Q 
Make plural (G)
Iris
A

Irides

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31
Q

When a Greek singular noun ends in -nx

Form a plural by changing -nx to

A

-nges

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32
Q

Make plural
Phalanx (G )
(FAY-langks)

A

Phalanges

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33
Q

When a Greek singular noun ends in -oma

Form a plural by changing -oma to

A

-omata

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34
Q 
Make plural (G)
Carcinoma
A

Carcinomata

a cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs.

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35
Q 
Make plural (G)
Fibroma
A

Fibromata

a benign fibrous tumor of connective tissue.

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36
Q

When a Greek singular noun ends in -in

Form a plural by changing -on to

A

-a

Q; how do I know when a word is Greek?

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37
Q 
Make plural (G)
Ganglion
A

Ganglia

1.
ANATOMY
a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber.
a network of cells forming a nerve center in the nervous system of an invertebrate.
a well-defined mass of gray matter within the central nervous system.
2.
MEDICINE
an abnormal benign swelling on a tendon sheath.

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38
Q

make plural

Mitochondrion

A

Mitochondria

an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).

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39
Q

Name the 3 type of word parts that form a medical word

A

Prefixes
Combining form
Suffixes

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40
Q

Define

Prefix

A

An optional word beginning

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41
Q

Define

Combining form

A

The foundation of a medical word

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42
Q

Define

suffix

A

The word ending

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43
Q

Combining form characteristics

A
  • foundation of a word
  • gives the word its main medical meaning
  • has a root, forward slash, a combining vowel, and a final hyphen
  • most medical words contain combing form ( heart, blood, health or nurse do not contain any word parts)
  • sometimes medical word contains two or more combining forms, right after the other
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44
Q

Medical word parts

foundation of a word

A

Combining form

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45
Q

Medical word parts

has a root, forward slash, a combining vowel, and a final hyphen

A

Combing form

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46
Q

Medical word parts

gives the word its main medical meaning

A

Combing form

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47
Q

Spell

abdomin/o-

A

Abdomen

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48
Q

Spell and meaning

Append/o-

A

Appendix

Small structure hanging from a larger structure

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49
Q

Spell

arteri/o-

A

Artery

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50
Q

Appendix combing form

A

Append/o-

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51
Q

Abdomen combing form

A

Abdomin/o-

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52
Q

Artery combing form

A

arteri/o-

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53
Q

Spell

Intestin/o-

A

Intestine

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54
Q

Intestine Combing form

A

Intestin/o-

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55
Q

Spell and simple meaning

Laryng/o-

A

Larynx; voice box

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56
Q

Larynx; voice box combing form

A

Laryng/o-

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57
Q

Muscle combing form

A

Muscul/o-

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58
Q

Thyroid gland combing form

A

Thyroid/o-

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59
Q

Tonsil combing form

A

Tonsill/o-

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60
Q

Vein combing form

A

Ven/o-

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61
Q

Spell, meaning and related word

arthr/o-

A

Meaning
Joint

Related word
Arthritis

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62
Q

Joint combing form

A

arthr/o-

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63
Q

Spell, meaning and related word

cardi/o

A

Meaning
Heart

Related word
Cardiac

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64
Q

Heart combing form

A

cardi/o-

65
Q

Spell, meaning and related word

dermat/o-

A

Meaning
Skin

Related word
Dermatologist

66
Q

Skin combing form

A

Dermat/o-

67
Q

Stomach combing form

A

gastr/o-

68
Q

Breast combining form

A

mamm/o-

69
Q

Nose combing form

A

nas/o-

70
Q

Mind combing form

A

Psych/o-

71
Q

Spell and meaning
cholecyst/o-
( kow·luh·suhst )

A

Gallbladder

72
Q

Gallbladder combing word

A

Cholecyst/o-

73
Q

Meaning

cost/o-

A

Rib

74
Q

Rib combing form

A

cost/o-

75
Q

Intestine combine form(s)

A

Intestin/o-

enter/o-

76
Q

enter/o- meaning

A

intestine

77
Q

hepat/o- meaning

A

Liver

78
Q

Liver combing form

A

Hepat/o-

79
Q

Hyper/o- meaning and spell

A

Uterus; womb

80
Q

Uterus; womb combing form

A

hyster/o-

81
Q

lapar/o- meaning

A

Abdomen

82
Q

Abdomen combining form(s)

A

abdomin/o-

lapar/o-

82
Q

Combining form for

feeling; sensation

A

esthes/o-

83
Q

Combining form

Means breathe; coil

A

spir/o-

84
Q

Combining form for

To break up food

A

Digest/o-

85
Q

Chrom/o- meaning

A

Color

86
Q

erythr/o- meaning

A

Red

87
Q

Red combing form(s)

A

erythr/o-

rub/o-

88
Q

Yellow combing form

A

jaund/o-

89
Q

Green combing form

A

verd/o-

90
Q

Blue combining form

A

cyan/o-

91
Q

Black combining form

A

melan/o-

93
Q

White combing form(s)

A

albin/o-

leuk/o-

94
Q

leuk/o- meaning

A

White

95
Q

Suffixes have the following characteristics

A
  • word part that is at the end of the
  • modifies Or clairifies the medical word
  • a single letter or group of letters that begins with a hyphen
  • most medical words contain a Suffix
  • occasional, a medical word has two suffixes, one right after the other ( example nutritional)
96
Q

Medical word part

-ac

A

Suffix For an adjective

Pertaining to

97
Q

Medical word part

-al

A

Suffix For an adjective
Pertaining to

Intestinal - pertaining to the intestine

98
Q

Medical word part

-ar

A

Suffix For an adjective
Pertaining to

Muscular - pertaining to the muscle

99
Q

Medical word part

-ary

A

Suffix For an adjective
Pertaining to

Urinary - pertaining to the urine

100
Q

Medical word part

-ic

A

Suffix For an adjective
Pertaining to

Pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis

101
Q

Medical word part

-ine

A

Suffix For an adjective
Pertaining to: thing pertaining to

Uterine - pertaining to the uterus

102
Q

Medical word part

-ive

A

Suffix For an adjective
Pertaining to

Digestive
Pertaining to breaking down food

103
Q

Medical word part

-ous

A

SuffixFor an adjective

Pertaining to

104
Q

Meaning of -ac

And give an example -ac

A

suffix - pertaining to

Cardiac - pertaining to the heart

105
Q

Meaning of -ous

And give an example

A

Suffix - pertaining to

Venous - Pertaining to a vein

106
Q

Medical word part

-ation

A

Suffix For a process
Being, having, process

Example: Urination
Process ( of making ) urine

107
Q

Medical Word part

-ion

A

Suffix For a process
Action; condition

Digestion
Action of breaking down food

108
Q

Medical word part

-ia

A

Suffix For a disease
Condition; State; thing

Pneumonia
Condition of the lung

109
Q

Spell medical term

Condition of the lung

A

Pneumonia

110
Q

Medical word part

-ism

A

Suffix For disease
Disease from specific causes; process

Hypothyroidism
Disease from a specific cause of deficient thyroid gland (hormone)

111
Q

Spell medical term

Disease from a specific cause of deficient thyroid gland

A

Hypothyroidism

112
Q

Medical word part

-itis

A

Suffix For disease
Infection of; inflammation of

Tonsillitis
Infection of the tonsil

113
Q

Spell medical term

Infection of the tonsil

A

Tonsillitis

114
Q

Medical word part

-megaly

A

Suffix For a disease
Enlargement

Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart

115
Q

Spell medical word

Enlargement of the heart

A

Cardiomegaly

116
Q

Medical word part

–oma

A

Suffix For disease
Mass; Tumor

Neuroma
Tumor of a nerve

117
Q

Spell medical term

Tumor of a nerve

A

Neuroma

118
Q

Medical word part

-osis

A

Suffix For disease
Condition; process

Psychosis
Condition of the mind

119
Q

Spell Medical term

Condition of the mind

A

Psychosis

120
Q

Medical word part

-pathy

A

Suffix For disease
Disease

Arthropathy
Disease of a joint

121
Q

Spell medical term

Disease of a joint

A

Arthropathy

122
Q

Medical word part

-ectomy

A

Suffix For a diagnostic, medical, or surgical procedure

Surgical removal

Appendectomy
Surgical removal of the appedix

123
Q

Spell medical term

Surgical removal of the appendix

A

Appendectomy

124
Q

Medical word part

-gram

A

Suffix For a diagnostic, medical or surgical procedure

Picture; record

mammogram
Picture of the breast

125
Q

Spell medical term

Picture of the breast

A

Mammogram

126
Q

Medical word part

-graphy

A

Suffix For a diagnostic, medical, or surgical procedure

Process of recording

Mammography
Process of recording the breast

127
Q

Spell medical term

Process of recording the breast

A

Mammography

128
Q

Medical word part

-metry

A

Suffix For a diagnostic, medical, or surgical procedure

Process of measuring

Spirometry
(spih-RAW-meh-tree)
Process of measuring the breathing

129
Q

Spelling of medical term

Process of measuring the breathing

A

Spirometry

132
Q

Medical word part

-scope

A

Suffix for diagnostic, medical or surgical procedure

Instrument used to examine

Colonoscope
Instrument used to examine the colon

133
Q

Medical word part

-scopy

A

Suffixes for a diagnostic, medical or surgical procedure

Process of using an instrument to examine

Gastroscopy
Process of using instrument to examine the stomach

134
Q

Spell and pronounce Medical term

Process of using an instrument to examine the stomach

A

Gastroscopy

use mic to pronounce

135
Q

Medical word part

-stomy

A

Suffixes for a diagnostic, medical or surgical procedure

Surgically created opening

Colostomy
Surgically created opening in the colon

136
Q

Spell and pronounce Medical term

Surgically created opening in the colon

A

Colostomy

use mic to pronounce

137
Q

Medical word part

-therapy

A

Suffixes use for diagnostic, medical, or surgical procedure

Treatment

Psychotherapy
Treatment of the mind

138
Q

Medical word part

-tomy

A

Suffixes for a diagnostic medical or surgical procedure

Process of cutting; process of making an incision

Laparotomy
Process of making incision in the abdomen

139
Q

Spell and pronounce medical term

Process of making an incision in the abdomen

A

Laparotomy

Use mic to pronounce

140
Q

Medical word part

-iatry

A

Suffixes for medical specialty or specialist

Medical treatment

Psychiatry
Medical treatment for the mind

141
Q

Spelling of medical term

Medical treatment for the mind

A

Psychiatry

142
Q

Medical word part

-ics

A

Suffixes for medical specialty eye specialist

Knowledge; practice

Dietetics
Knowledge and practice of diet and foods

143
Q

Spelling and pronunciation of medical term

Knowledge and practice of diet and foods

A

Dietetics

Use mic to pronounce

144
Q

Medical word part

-ist

A

Suffixes for medical specialty or specialist

Therapist
Person who specializes in treatment

145
Q

Characteristics of a prefix

A
  • A prefix is the word part that is the beginning of a word. A prefix as an optional weird part, and not every medical word contains a prefix.
  • A prefix modifies or clarifies the medical meaning of the combining form
  • A prefix is a single letter or a group of letters that end with hyphen
  • Occasionally, a medical word has two prefixes, one right after the other.
146
Q

Medical word part

Endo-

A

Prefixes for location or direction

Innermost; With them

Endotracheal
Pertaining to with in the trachea

147
Q

Spell and pronounce medical term

Pertaining to within the trachea

A

Endotracheal

148
Q

Medical word part

Epi-

A

Prefixes for location or direction

above;upon

Epidermal
Pertaining to upon the skin

149
Q

Spell and pronounce medical term

Pertaining to upon the skin

A

Epidermal

150
Q

Medical word part

Inter-

A

Prefixes for location or direction

Between

Intercostal
Pertaining to between the ribs

151
Q

Spell and pronounce medical term

Pertaining to between the ribs

A

Intercostal

152
Q

Medical word part

Intra-

A

Prefixes for location or direction

Within

Intravenous
Pertaining with in a vein

153
Q

Spell medical term

Pertaining with in the vein

A

Intravenous

154
Q

Medical word part

Peri-

A

Prefixes for location and direction

Around

Pericardial
Pertaining to around the heart

155
Q

Spell and pronounce medical term

Pertaining to around the heart

A

Pericardial

156
Q

Medical word part

Post-

A

Suffixes for location or direction

After; behind

Postnasal
Pertaining to behind the nose

157
Q

Spell and pronounce medical term

Pertaining to behind the Nose

A

Postnasal

158
Q

Medical word part

Pre-

A

Prefixes for location or direction before; in front of

Premenstrual

Pertaining to before the monthly discharge of blood

159
Q

Medical word part

Sub-

A

Prefixes for location or Direction

Below; underneath

Subcutaneous
Pertaining to underneath the skin

160
Q

Medical word part

Trans-

A

Prefixes for a location or direction

Across; through

Transvaginal
Pertaining to through the vagina

Medical langauge | Susan M turkey 4th Edition (2 decks)

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