Chapter 1: The Science of Exercise

Question 1

What functions of the body benefit from exercise? (6 things)

Answer 1

• Weight management
• Circulatory system (blood/heart)
• Muscular athletic ability
• Nervous system (function, mental health, counteracting depression)
• Immune system
• Skeletal strength

Question 2

What benefits does regular exercise give to the circulatory system? (4 things)

Answer 2

• Blood supply to active muscles improve (capillaries respond more quickly)
• Enhances volume of blood that can be pumped
• Heart muscle fiber/membrane strengthens against intense effort
• The heart more quickly adapts to exertion

Question 3

What are the functions of nerves? (SIM)

Answer 3

• Sensory: gather information about outer/inner environment (PNS -> CNS)
• Integrative/interneurons: process/interpret information (CNS)
• Motor: respond to stimuli (CNS -> PNS)

Question 4

What are the two major components of the nervous system?

Answer 4

• Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and spinal chord
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): All nerves in the rest of the body

Question 5

What two sections are the PNS divided into?

Answer 5

• Voluntary nervous system/somatic
• Involuntary nervous system/autonomic

Question 6

What does the somatic system do?

Signals ___ muscles for ___ movement.

Answer 6

Skeletal/voluntary

Question 7

What does the autonomic system do?

Regulates contraction of ___ for ___ physiological processes like ___.

Answer 7

• Internal organs
• Involuntary
• Heartbeat, digestion, and breathing

Question 8

What are the two pathways/modes of the autonomic system?

Answer 8

• Sympathetic pathway: Kicks in under stress condition and usually accelerates bodily functions (fight/flight)
• Parasympathetic pathway: Usually slows down bodily function in rest conditions (rest/digest)

Question 9

What three systems make up the “kinetic chain?”

Answer 9

Muscular, articular (joints), and nervous systems

Question 10

What are the three energy production systems and their typical durations?

Answer 10

1. ATP-CP (adenosine tri phosphate - creatine phosphate): >10 seconds
2. Glycolysis: ~1 minute
3. Aerobic/oxidative: >2/3 minutes

Question 11

Difference between aerobic/anaerobic?

Answer 11

• Aerobic: Processes that require oxygen
• Anaerobic: Processes that don’t require oxygen

Question 12

Difference between pulmonary and articular systems?

Answer 12

• Pulmonary: Cardiorespiratory system (roman pulmo, pulmonary arthritis = autoimmune arthritis that spreads to the lungs)
• Articular: Joints and connective tissues (roman articularis, arthritis)

Question 13

How long does a high level athlete’s 100y hill sprint take?

Answer 13

~10 seconds