Chapter 1 - The Science of Biology

Question 1

Domain Archea

Answer 1

This prokaryotic domain includes this methanogen, which manufactures methane as a result of its metabolic activity

Question 2

Domain Bacteria

Answer 2

This prokaryotic domain includes this purple sulfur bacteria (pictured in slide), which can use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds

Question 3

Protista

Answer 3

Most of the unicellular eukaryote (those whose cells contain a nucleus) are grouped into this kingdom, as well as the multicellular algae

Question 4

Fungi

Answer 4

This kingdom contains mostly multicellular no photosynthetic organisms that digest their food externally, such as mushrooms

Question 5

Plantae

Answer 5

This kingdom contains photosynthetic multicellular organisms that are terrestrial, such as a flowering plant

Question 6

Five Fundamental Characteristics of Life

Answer 6

1. Cellular organization
2. Energy utilization
3. Homeostasis
4. Growth, development, & reproduction
5. Heredity

Question 7

Homeostasis

Answer 7

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal physiological environment in an organism

Question 8

Animalia

Answer 8

Organisms in this kingdom are non-photosynthetic multicellular organisms that digest their food internally

Question 9

Heredity

Answer 9

The passing of biological traits from parents to offspring through the inheritance of genes

Question 10

Deductive reasoning

Answer 10

Uses general principles to make specific predictions

Question 11

Inductive reasoning

Answer 11

Uses specific observations to develop general conclusions

Question 12

Emergent properties

Answer 12

Novel properties arising from the way in which components interact. Emergent properties often cannot be deduced solely from knowledge of the individual components

Question 13

Artificial selection

Answer 13

Change in the genetic structure of populations due to selective breeding by humans

Question 14

Natural selection

Answer 14

The differential reproduction of genotypes caused by a factors in the environment; leads to evolutionary change.

Question 15

Homologous

Answer 15

1) refers to similar structures that have the same evolutionary origin.
2) refers to a pair of the same kind of chromosome in a diploid cell

Question 16

Analogous

Answer 16

Structures that are similar in function but different in evolutionary origin, such as the wing of a bat and the wing of a butterfly

Question 17

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 17

A pattern of descent generated by analysis of similarities and differences among organisms. Modern gene - sequencing techniques have produced phylogenetic trees showing the evolutionary history of individual genes