Chapter 1 - The Science Of Biology Flashcards
Evolutionary adaptations
A property of life.
All organisms evolve adaptations to their environment
Cellular organization
A property of life.
The cell is the basic unit of life.
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Ordered complexity
A property of life.
All living things are both complex and highly ordered.
Many different cells working together.
Sensitivity
A property of life.
All organisms respond to stimuli.
Growth, development + reproduction
A property of life.
All organisms capable of growing and reproducing.
DNA and heredity - passed on to offspring.
Energy utilization
A property of life.
All organisms take in and use energy to preform tasks.
Homeostasis
A property of life.
All organisms maintain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environment.
Ex. Internal temperature in the human body.
Properties of life
7 properties
Cellular organization Ordered complexity Sensitivity Growth,development + reproduction Energy utilization Homeostasis Evolutionary adaptations
Hierarchical organization
Cellular level
Small particles-cells
Atoms -> molecules ->
Macromolecules -> organelles -> cells
Hierarchical organization
Organismal level
Cells - whole organisms
Tissues (groups of similar cells that act as 1 unit) -> organs (several tissues that act as 1 unit) -> organ systems
Hierarchical organization
Population level
Species - ecosystem
Population (group of organisms of the same species in the same environment) -> species (all populations of a certain kind of organism) -> community (different species living in one place) -> ecosystem (community +environment) -> biosphere
2 types of reasoning
Deductive -> applies general principles to predict specific results. (General to specific)
Inductive -> use specific observations to create general results (specific to general)
Basic research
Extend the boundaries of what we already know. (fundamental understanding)
people generally work in universities.
Contributes to the growing body of scientific knowledge.
Applied research
Goal is to make a product or make something happen to solve a problem.
People employed by an industry
Ex. Creating new drugs.
How science is done
Draw figure 1.3 in text page 5
Artificial selection
Animal breeders choosing certain breeds of dog to produce certain characteristics.
Natural selection
Nature favouring certain traits in animals that will help them survive and thrive in their environment.
Darwin’s theory of evolution.
5 predictions.
Proved species change over time.
Fossil record: proved that evolution changed from simple to complex.
Age of the earth
The mechanism of heredity
Comparative anatomy: homologous/ analogous structures
Molecular evidence
Homologous structures
Same origin but differ in structure and function.
Analogous structures
Similar function but different origins
Molecular basis of inheritance
Explains continuity of life.
Simple cells are complex
Everything about the cell is coded in DNA
Info in DNA are genes
Passing life on to next generation-heredity
Relationship between structure and function
Function in molecules +larger macromolecules are dependent on their structure
Structure can determine function and vice versa
Diversity of life
Arises through evolutionary change
All life evolved from one original event
3 domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Domain bacteria
Single celled organisms with little internal stucture.
Domain archaea
Single celled organisms with little internal structure
Have been around longest+ have least diversity.
Domain eukarya
Made up of organisms that are made of a complex, organized cell or multiple cells.
Has 4 kingdoms
Kingdom Protista
All unicellular eukaryotes except yeasts.
Also has multicellular algae in this kingdom
Kingdom plantae
Has organisms that have cell walls made of cellulose + obtain energy by photosynthesis
Kingdom fungi
Have cell walls made of chitin + obtain energy by secreting digestive enzymes + then absorbing the products they release
Kingdom animalia
Organisms that lack cell walls + obtain energy by ingesting other organisms + digesting them internally
