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Bio 101 > Chapter 1 - The Science Of Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - The Science Of Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Evolutionary adaptations

A

A property of life.

All organisms evolve adaptations to their environment

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2
Q

Cellular organization

A

A property of life.

The cell is the basic unit of life.

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

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3
Q

Ordered complexity

A

A property of life.

All living things are both complex and highly ordered.

Many different cells working together.

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4
Q

Sensitivity

A

A property of life.

All organisms respond to stimuli.

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5
Q

Growth, development + reproduction

A

A property of life.

All organisms capable of growing and reproducing.

DNA and heredity - passed on to offspring.

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6
Q

Energy utilization

A

A property of life.

All organisms take in and use energy to preform tasks.

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

A property of life.

All organisms maintain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environment.

Ex. Internal temperature in the human body.

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8
Q

Properties of life

7 properties

A 
Cellular organization
Ordered complexity 
Sensitivity 
Growth,development + reproduction 
Energy utilization 
Homeostasis 
Evolutionary adaptations
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9
Q

Hierarchical organization

Cellular level
Small particles-cells

A

Atoms -> molecules ->

Macromolecules -> organelles -> cells

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10
Q

Hierarchical organization

Organismal level
Cells - whole organisms

A

Tissues (groups of similar cells that act as 1 unit) -> organs (several tissues that act as 1 unit) -> organ systems

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11
Q

Hierarchical organization

Population level
Species - ecosystem

A

Population (group of organisms of the same species in the same environment) -> species (all populations of a certain kind of organism) -> community (different species living in one place) -> ecosystem (community +environment) -> biosphere

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12
Q

2 types of reasoning

A

Deductive -> applies general principles to predict specific results. (General to specific)

Inductive -> use specific observations to create general results (specific to general)

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13
Q

Basic research

A

Extend the boundaries of what we already know. (fundamental understanding)
people generally work in universities.
Contributes to the growing body of scientific knowledge.

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14
Q

Applied research

A

Goal is to make a product or make something happen to solve a problem.
People employed by an industry
Ex. Creating new drugs.

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15
Q

How science is done

A

Draw figure 1.3 in text page 5

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16
Q

Artificial selection

A

Animal breeders choosing certain breeds of dog to produce certain characteristics.

17
Q

Natural selection

A

Nature favouring certain traits in animals that will help them survive and thrive in their environment.

18
Q

Darwin’s theory of evolution.

5 predictions.

A

Proved species change over time.
Fossil record: proved that evolution changed from simple to complex.
Age of the earth
The mechanism of heredity
Comparative anatomy: homologous/ analogous structures
Molecular evidence

19
Q

Homologous structures

A

Same origin but differ in structure and function.

20
Q

Analogous structures

A

Similar function but different origins

21
Q

Molecular basis of inheritance

A

Explains continuity of life.

Simple cells are complex

Everything about the cell is coded in DNA

Info in DNA are genes

Passing life on to next generation-heredity

22
Q

Relationship between structure and function

A

Function in molecules +larger macromolecules are dependent on their structure

Structure can determine function and vice versa

23
Q

Diversity of life

A

Arises through evolutionary change

All life evolved from one original event

24
Q

3 domains

A

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukarya

25
Q

Domain bacteria

A

Single celled organisms with little internal stucture.

26
Q

Domain archaea

A

Single celled organisms with little internal structure

Have been around longest+ have least diversity.

27
Q

Domain eukarya

A

Made up of organisms that are made of a complex, organized cell or multiple cells.

Has 4 kingdoms

28
Q

Kingdom Protista

A

All unicellular eukaryotes except yeasts.

Also has multicellular algae in this kingdom

29
Q

Kingdom plantae

A

Has organisms that have cell walls made of cellulose + obtain energy by photosynthesis

30
Q

Kingdom fungi

A

Have cell walls made of chitin + obtain energy by secreting digestive enzymes + then absorbing the products they release

31
Q

Kingdom animalia

A

Organisms that lack cell walls + obtain energy by ingesting other organisms + digesting them internally

Bio 101 (2 decks)

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