Chapter 1: The Purpose and Promise of Special Education Flashcards

1
Q

Impairment

A

Loss or reduced function of a particular body part or organ.

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2
Q

Disability

A

Exists when an impairment limits the ability to perform certain tasks.

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3
Q

Handicap

A

Is a problem, or disadvantage encountered when interacting with the environment.

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4
Q

At-Risk

A

Are children who have a greater than usual chance of developing a disability.

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5
Q

Special Education

A

Individually planned, specialized, intensive, goal-directed instruction. Characterized by the use of evidence-based teaching methods, the application of which is guided by direct and frequent measures of student performance.

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6
Q

Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)

A

As guaranteed by the IDEA, schools must provide each qualifying child with disabilities a program of education and related services individually designed to meet their child’s unique needs and from which the child receives educational benefit, including being prepared for further education, employee, and independence living.

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7
Q

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

A

The educational setting that most closely resembles a regular school program and also meets the child’s special ed needs.

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8
Q

Due Process

A

Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen’s entitlement

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9
Q

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

A

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) ensures that all children with disabilities are entitled to a free appropriate public education to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment and independent living.

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10
Q

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

A

The written document required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act for every child with a disability. This includes statements of present performance, annual goals, short-term objectives, specific educational services needed, extent of participation in gen. ed, evaluation procedures, and relevant dates. It must be signed by parents as well as educational personnel.

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11
Q

Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)

A

A requirement of the IDEA for the coordination of early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities from birth to age 3 years. Similar to the IEP, which is required for all school-age children with disabilities.

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12
Q

Assistive Technology

A

Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of children with disabilities.

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13
Q

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

A

An approach to developing curriculum materials and lessons that incorporate concepts from architecture and product design to make access and interaction with the materials accessible, motivating, and engaging for all learners.

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14
Q

Fluency

A

The combination of accuracy and speed that characterizes highly skilled performance; often measured by the number of responses per minute.

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15
Q

Exceptional Children

A

Children whose-performance deviates from the norm, either below or above, to the extent that special education is needed.

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16
Q

Functional Curriculum

A

Knowledge and skills that some students with disabilities must learn to achieve as much success and independence as they can in school, home, community, and employment settings. (Dressing, Toileting, Preparing a Snack, or Making a Purchase).

17
Q

Incidence

A

The percentage of people who, at some time in their lives, will be identified as having a specific condition. Often reported as the number of cases of a given condition per 1K births or people of a given age.

18
Q

Manifestation Determination

A

A review of the relationship between a student’s misconduct and their disability was conducted by the IEP and other qualified personnel. Required by the IDEA amendments of 1997, when school officials seek to discipline a student with disabilities in a manner that would result in a change of placement, suspension, or expulsion in excess of 10 days.

19
Q

Primary Prevention

A

Interventions designed to eliminate or counteract risk factors so that a disability is never acquired, aimed at all children.

20
Q

Repeated Reading

A

A technique for increasing reading fluency in which a student orally reads the same passage, usually three to five times, during each session. With each successive reading and following systematic error correction from the teacher, the student tries to increase the number of words read correctly per minute When the student achieves a predetermined fluency criterion on a given passage, a new passage is introduced. The difficulty level of successive passages gradually increases over time.

21
Q

SAFMEDS (Say All Fast a Minute Each Day Shuffled)

A

A deck of cards with a question, a vocabulary term, or a problem printed on one side of each card and the answer on the other side. The student answers as many items in the deck as they can during 1-minute practice trials by looking at the question or problem, stating an answer, flipping the card over to reveal the correct answer, and putting each card in the ‘correct’ pile or the ‘incorrect’ pile.

22
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

Interventions directed at reducing or eliminating the effects of existing risk factors, aimed at children exposed to or displaying specific risk factors.

23
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

Interventions designed to minimize the impact of a specific condition or disability; aimed at children with disabilities.

24
Q

Time Delay

A

a practice that focuses on fading the use of prompts during instructional activities. This practice is always used in conjunction with prompting procedures such as least-to-most prompting, simultaneous prompting, and graduated guidance.