Chapter 1 - The Peopling Of The World

Question 1

Prehistory

Answer 1

Before the invention of writing.

Question 2

Artifact

Answer 2

A human-made object such as a tool, weapon, or piece of jewelry.

Question 3

Ziggurat

Answer 3

A tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of a Sumerian temple.

Question 4

Hominid

Answer 4

A member of a biological group including human beings and related species that walk upright.

Question 5

Archaeologist

Answer 5

Study the ancient and recent human past through material remains.

Question 6

Fossil

Answer 6

Evidence of early life preserved in rock.

Question 7

Nomad

Answer 7

A member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place in search of food and water.

Question 8

Barter

Answer 8

A form of trade in which people exchange goods and services without the use of money.

Question 9

Artisan

Answer 9

A skilled worker, such as a weaver or potter, who makes goods by hand.

Question 10

Specialization

Answer 10

The development of skills in a particular kind of work, such as trading or record keeping.

Question 11

Scribe

Answer 11

One of the professional record keepers in early civilization.

Question 12

Anthropologist

Answer 12

Studies the origins and development of human beings and their culture.

Question 13

Paleontologist

Answer 13

Studies fossils

Question 14

Obsidian

Answer 14

A volcanic rock used for mirrors, knives, and other tools.

Question 15

Institution

Answer 15

A long-lasting pattern of organization in a community

Question 16

Cuneiform

Answer 16

A system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols, invented by the Sumerians around 3000 B.C.

Question 17

Domestication

Answer 17

The taming of animals for human use.

Question 18

The Main Result of the Domestication of Animals

Answer 18

Humans had an ample supply of animal and plant products without needing to travel.

Question 19

Slash-and-Burn Farming

Answer 19

A farming method in which people clear fields by cutting and burning trees and grasses, the ashes of which serve to fertilize the soil.

Question 20

History vs. Prehistory

Answer 20

Prehistory is before the invention of writing; History is a story, a recording / written record of the past.

Question 21

Identify the Three “Sources of History”

Answer 21

Relics, oral history, and written records

Question 22

Three Time Periods of Early Mankind

Answer 22

Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age

Question 23

During which period did writing first make its appearance?

Answer 23

The Bronze Age

Question 24

Paleolithic Age

Answer 24

2.5 million B.C. to 8000 B.C.; the people were nomadic hunters and used stone tools.

Question 25

Neolithic Age

Answer 25

8000 B.C. to 3000 B.C.; the Neolithic Revolution happened, population increased, people established settlements, and animals were domesticated.

Question 26

Components of Culture

Answer 26

Common practices, shared understandings, and social organization.

Question 27

Australopithecine

Answer 27

1st Humans to walk upright, had opposable thumbs, and Lucy was an example of this (5 million years ago)

Question 28

Homo Habilis

Answer 28

Means “Man of Skill,” used tools made out of lava rock to cut meat and crack bones (2.3 million years ago)

Question 29

Homo Erectus

Answer 29

Means “upright man,” more intelligent and adaptable, skillful hunters, first to migrate from Africa, use fire, and develop spoken language (1.9 million years ago)

Question 30

Neanderthal

Answer 30

Heavy slanted brows, well developed muscles, and thick bones; first to be religious and built shelters (250,000 years ago)

Question 31

Cro-Magnon

Answer 31

Identical to modern humans, found in Europe, planned hunts and complex projects, were advanced in spoken language, and stalked prey. (45,000 years ago)

Question 32

Early Advances in Technology

Answer 32

Use of stone, bone, and wood for tools and weapons.

Question 33

Early Advances of Art

Answer 33

Jewelry, sculptures, and cave paintings

Question 34

Lascaux Cave

Answer 34

A cave in France filled with Paleolithic era paintings from 15000 B.C.

Question 35

Catal Huyuk

Answer 35

The archaeological discoveries in present day Turkey at Catal Huyuk have added to our understanding of early village life.

Question 36

Reasons for the Rise of Civilizations

Answer 36

Resulted from prosperous farming villages, food surpluses, and new technology.

Question 37

Economic Changes as Civilizations Rose

Answer 37

Irrigation systems, new tools made farming easier, civilizations recognized food surplus, and people developed other skills.

Question 38

Social Changes as Civilizations Rose

Answer 38

Specialized groups of workers, social classes developed, and religion became more organized.

Question 39

Ur

Answer 39

An early city in Sumer in modern day Iraq, which flourished in 3000 B.C.

Question 40

What are the 5 characteristics of a civilization?

Answer 40

Advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology.

Question 41

Why was the development of government necessary in early cities such as Ur?

Answer 41

There was a need for a government that could establish laws.

Question 42

What is the difference between a village and a city?

Answer 42

A city is a center of trade for a larger area.

Question 43

What important characteristic did “Lucy” have?

Answer 43

The ability to walk upright.

Question 44

Drawbacks of Settled Life

Answer 44

Disease spread easily, natural disasters, and roving nomadic clans could invade.