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BIOLOGY > Chapter 1 : The Living World > Flashcards

Chapter 1 : The Living World Flashcards

1
Q

Biodiversity

A

refers to the number and types of organisms present on earth

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2
Q

How many species are discovered and described by scientists?

A

1.7-1.8 Million

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of common names?

A

1) A single species may have several common names that creates confusion.
2) A single common name may apply to various species due to language differences.
3) Many species, generally lacking economic significance, do not have a vernacular name.

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4
Q

What is nomenclature?

A

The process of naming an organism such that a particular organism is known by the same name throughout the world.

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5
Q

ICBN stands for?

A

International Code for Botanical Nomenclature

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6
Q

ICZN stands for?

A

International Code for Zoological Nomenclature

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7
Q

ICVN stands for?

A

International Code for Viral Nomenclature

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8
Q

ICBacN stands for?

A

International Code for Bacterial Nomenclature

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9
Q

What does ICNCP stand for?

A

International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants

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10
Q

Scientific names are based on?

A

Principles and criteria established by scientists.

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11
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

The system of providing a name with two components — first being Generic (Genus name) and second being Specific Epithet (species).

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12
Q

Who proposed the binomial nomenclature system?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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13
Q

Who is known as the father of nomenclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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14
Q

What are the two components of a scientific name?

A

1) Generic Name (Genus)
2) Specific Epithet (Species)

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15
Q

What is the scientific name for Mango?

A

Mangifera indica

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16
Q

What is the scientific name for Lion?

A

Panthera leo

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17
Q

What is the scientific name for Tiger?

A

Panthera tigris

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18
Q

What is the scientific name for Leopard?

A

Panthera pardus

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19
Q

What is the scientific name for Brinjal?

A

Solanum melongena

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20
Q

What is the scientific name for Tomato?

A

Solanum lycopersicum

21
Q

What is the scientific name for Potato?

A

Solanum tuberosum

22
Q

What are the rules for nomenclature?

A

1) They are Latinised (derived from Latin irrespective of origin) and are written in italics.
2) The first word represents the Genus (Generic Name) and the second name represents the Species (Specific Epithet).
3) Genus starts with capital letters and species starts with small letter.
4) When scientific names are written, they are separately underlined or are printed in italics.

23
Q

Sometimes scientific names are followed by?

A

The scientist’s name who described the scientific name in abbreviated form.

Eg. Mangifera indica Linn

24
Q

What is the scientific name for Human Beings?

A

Homo sapiens

25
Q

What is the scientific name for Housefly?

A

Musca domestica

26
Q

What is the scientific name for Wheat?

A

Triticum aestivum

27
Q

What is the scientific name for Rice?

A

Oryza sativa

28
Q

What is a tautonym?

A

Scientific name in which the same word is used for Genus and Species.
Eg. Apple - Malus malus
Red Fox - Vulpes vulpes

29
Q

Taxonomy

A

Branch of biology that deals with the process of placing organisms into correct taxonomic categories

30
Q

What are the steps of taxonomy?

A

1) Characterization : note down/recognise all the feature
2) Identification : done with the help of an already known specimen/taxonomic aids
3) Classification : placing of organisms into convenient categories based on observable characters
4) Nomenclature

31
Q

Difference between Classical Taxonomy and Modern Taxonomy

A

→Classical Taxonomy : based on morphological (external) aur vegetative characters
→Modern Taxonomy
- based on both morphological and internal characteristics, cellular structure and reproductive features

32
Q

Systematics

A

The process of taxonomy and phylogeny (study of evolutionary relationships) together is known as systematics.

33
Q

What are the steps of systematics?

A

1) Characterisation
2) Identification
3) Classification
4) Nomenclature
5) Phylogeny: study of evolutionary relationship between different organisms

34
Q

Taxonomic category

A
  • Each step of classification represents a rank or a category known as a taxonomic category
  • there are 7 obligate categories
35
Q

Taxonomic Hierarchy

A

Ascending order of taxonomic categories from species to Kingdom

36
Q

Species

A
  • the lowest category and basic unit of classification.
  • group of individuals with fundamental similarities that can interbreed with each other and produce fertile offsprings
37
Q

Genus

A

A group of related species is known as Genus
Eg.
Genus Panthera
Genus Solanum
Genus Canis

38
Q

Family

A
  • Group of related genera is known as a Family
  • families are characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plants.
    Eg.
    Felidae, Canidae, Solanaceae, Anacardiaceae
39
Q

List all the taxonomic categories

A

Kingdom
Phylum/Divison
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

40
Q

Taxon

A

Each category of classification is known as a Taxon

41
Q

Order

A
  • Aggregation of families that exhibit few similar characters
    Eg.
    Polynomiales, Carnivora, Sapindales
42
Q

Class

A
  • Aggregation of related orders
    Eg.
    Dicotyledonae
    Mammalia
    Reptilia
    Aves
43
Q

Phylum/Divison

A
  • Classes with a few similar characters
    Eg.
    Angiospermae
    Chordata
44
Q

Kingdom

A

The biggest unit of classification is known as Kingdom
Eg.
Plantae
Animalia

45
Q

Human beings classification

A

Name: Homo sapiens
Genus: Homo
Family: Hominidae
Order: Primata
Class : Mammalia
Phylum : Chordata

46
Q

Housefly

A

Name: Musca domestica
Genus: Musca
Family: Muscidae
Order: Diptera
Class: Insecta
Phylum: Arthropoda

47
Q

Mango

A

Name: Mangifera indica
Genus: Mangifera
Family: Anacardiaceae
Order: Sapindales
Class: Dicotyledonae
Division: Angiospermae

48
Q

Wheat

A

Name: Triticum aestivum
Genus: Triticum
Family: Poaceae
Order: Poales
Class: Monocotyledonae
Division: Angiospermae

BIOLOGY (1 decks)

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