Chapter 1 - The Human Organism

Question 1

Anatomy is the study of ______.

Answer 1

The body’s structures

Question 2

The study of anatomical changes from conception to adulthood

Answer 2

Developmental anatomy

Question 3

The study of the first 8 weeks of development in an embryo

Answer 3

Embryology

Question 4

The study of cells

Answer 4

Cytology

Question 5

The study of tissues

Answer 5

Histology

Question 6

Gross anatomy studies organs from ______________ perspective

Answer 6

Either a systemic or a regional

Question 7

_____________ uses superficial structures to locate internal structures.

Answer 7

Surface anatomy

Question 8

__________ is a noninvasive technique for identifying internal structures.

Answer 8

Anatomical imaging

Question 9

_________ is the study of the body’s functions.

Answer 9

Physiology

Question 10

Physiology can be approached from ___________ point of view.

Answer 10

A cellular or a systems

Question 11

The study of all aspects of disease

Answer 11

Pathology

Question 12

The study of changes causes by exercise

Answer 12

Exercises physiology

Question 13

Basic ______________ are responsible for the structure and functions of life.

Answer 13

Chemical characteristics

Question 14

What are cells?

Answer 14

The basic structural and functional units of organisms

Question 15

What are organelles?

Answer 15

Small structures within cells that perform specific functions.

Question 16

Tissues are composed of __________ of similar structure and function and the materials surrounding them.

Answer 16

Groups of cells

Question 17

Four primary tissue types

Answer 17

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue

Question 18

________ are structures composed of two or more tissues that perform specific functions.

Answer 18

Organs

Question 19

How many organ systems in the body?

Answer 19

11
Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Lymphatic system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular system
Urinary system
Female reproductive system
Male reproductive system

Question 20

What are the main characteristics humans share with other organisms?

Answer 20

Organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, and reproduction

Question 21

What is homeostasis?

Answer 21

The condition in which body functions, body fluids, and other factors if the internal environment are maintained at levels suitable to support life

Question 22

What does negative feedback do for the body?

Answer 22

Maintain homeostasis

Question 23

What are the three important parts of a negative feedback mechanism?

Answer 23

A receptor, a control center, an effector

Question 24

_____________ usually result in deviations further from the set point.

Answer 24

Positive feedback mechanisms

Question 25

Positive or negative feedback: | Childbirth labor

Answer 25

Positive

Question 26

Positive or negative feedback: | Temperature control

Answer 26

Negative

Question 27

___________ feedback occurs when something abnormal happened and has an end result, ___________ feedback occurs when maintaining balance in the body's functions.

Answer 27

Positive; negative

Question 28

Supine

Answer 28

A person lying face upward

Question 29

Prone

Answer 29

A person lying face downward

Question 30

Superior

Answer 30

Upper, cephalic

Question 31

Inferior

Answer 31

Lower, caudal

Question 32

Anterior

Answer 32

Front, ventral

Question 33

Posterior

Answer 33

Back, dorsal

Question 34

Cephalic

Answer 34

Superior, upper

Question 35

Caudal

Answer 35

Inferior, lower

Question 36

Ventral

Answer 36

Anterior, front

Question 37

Dorsal

Answer 37

Posterior, back

Question 38

Proximal

Answer 38

The closer end to the heart

Question 39

Distal

Answer 39

The further end from the heart

Question 40

Medial

Answer 40

Towards the midline

Question 41

Lateral

Answer 41

Away from the midline

Question 42

Superficial

Answer 42

A structure close to the surface if the body

Question 43

Deep

Answer 43

A structure toward the interior of the body

Question 44

Frontal

Answer 44

Forehead

Question 45

Orbital

Answer 45

Eye

Question 46

Nasal

Answer 46

Nose

Question 47

Oral

Answer 47

Mouth

Question 48

Otic

Answer 48

Ear

Question 49

Buccal

Answer 49

Cheek

Question 50

Mental

Answer 50

Chin

Question 51

Clavicular

Answer 51

Collarbone

Question 52

Axillary

Answer 52

Armpit

Question 53

Brachial

Answer 53

Arm

Question 54

Antecubital

Answer 54

Front of elbow

Question 55

Antebrachial

Answer 55

Forearm

Question 56

Carpal

Answer 56

Wrist

Question 57

Palmar

Answer 57

Palm

Question 58

Digital

Answer 58

Fingers or toes

Question 59

Manual

Answer 59

Hand

Question 60

Coxal

Answer 60

Hip

Question 61

Femoral

Answer 61

Thigh

Question 62

Patellar

Answer 62

Kneecap

Question 63

Crural

Answer 63

Leg

Question 64

Talus

Answer 64

Ankle

Question 65

Dorsum

Answer 65

Top of foot or hand

Question 66

Pedal

Answer 66

Foot

Question 67

Cranial

Answer 67

Skull

Question 68

Occipital

Answer 68

Base of skull

Question 69

Cervical

Answer 69

Neck

Question 70

Nuchal

Answer 70

Back of neck

Question 71

Acromial

Answer 71

Point of shoulder

Question 72

Scapular

Answer 72

Shoulder blade

Question 73

Veetebral

Answer 73

Spinal column

Question 74

Lumbar

Answer 74

Loin

Question 75

Dorsal

Answer 75

Back

Question 76

Olecranon

Answer 76

Point of elbow

Question 77

Sacral

Answer 77

Between hips

Question 78

Gluteal

Answer 78

Buttock

Question 79

Perineal

Answer 79

Pelvic floor

Question 80

Popliteal

Answer 80

Hollow behind knees

Question 81

Sural

Answer 81

Calf

Question 82

Plantar

Answer 82

Sole

Question 83

Calcaneal

Answer 83

Heel

Question 84

What is the thoracic cavity?

Answer 84

The topmost cavity in the trunk; contains the heart and lungs

Question 85

What does the diaphram divide?

Answer 85

The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity

Question 86

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 86

It divides the thoracic cavity; contains the heart, the thymus, the trachea, the esophagus and other structures such as blood vessels and nerves; the two lungs are on either side

Question 87

____________ line the trunk cavities.

Answer 87

Serous membranes

Question 88

Sagittal plane

Answer 88

Divides the body into right and left parts

Question 89

Transverse plane

Answer 89

Divides the body horizontally, into superior and inferior portions

Question 90

Frontal plane

Answer 90

Also known as a coronal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 91

Longitudinal section

Answer 91

Divides an organ along the length

Question 92

Transverse section

Answer 92

Cuts at a right angle to the length of the organ; aka cross section

Question 93

Oblique section

Answer 93

Cuts across the length of an organ at an angle other than a right angle

Question 94

The ________ portion of a serous membrane lines the wall of the ___________.

Answer 94

Patietal; cavity

Question 95

The __________ portion is in contact with the _____________.

Answer 95

Visceral; internal organs

Question 96

What fills the space between the visceral and parietal membranes?

Answer 96

Fluid secreted by the serous membrane

Question 97

What is the purpose of the serous membrane?

Answer 97

It protects organs from friction

Question 98

The ___________ cavity surrounds the heart.

Answer 98

Pericardial

Question 99

The ___________ cavities sound the lungs.

Answer 99

Pleural

Question 100

The ____________ cavity surrounds certain abdominal and pelvic organs.

Answer 100

Peritoneal

Question 101

What are mesenteries?

Answer 101

Parts of the peritoneum that hold the abdominal organs in place

Question 102

____________ provide a passageway for blood vessels and nerves to the organs.

Answer 102

Mesenteries

Question 103

Where are retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 103

Behind the parietal peritoneum