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Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 1 - The Human Organism > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - The Human Organism Flashcards

1.1 Anatomy and Physiology 1.2 Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body 1.3 Characteristics of Life 1.4 Biomedical Research 1.5 Homeostasis 1.6 Terminology and the Body Plan

1
Q

Anatomy is the study of ______.

A

The body’s structures

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2
Q

The study of anatomical changes from conception to adulthood

A

Developmental anatomy

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3
Q

The study of the first 8 weeks of development in an embryo

A

Embryology

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4
Q

The study of cells

A

Cytology

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5
Q

The study of tissues

A

Histology

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6
Q

Gross anatomy studies organs from ______________ perspective

A

Either a systemic or a regional

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7
Q

_____________ uses superficial structures to locate internal structures.

A

Surface anatomy

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8
Q

__________ is a noninvasive technique for identifying internal structures.

A

Anatomical imaging

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9
Q

_________ is the study of the body’s functions.

A

Physiology

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10
Q

Physiology can be approached from ___________ point of view.

A

A cellular or a systems

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11
Q

The study of all aspects of disease

A

Pathology

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12
Q

The study of changes causes by exercise

A

Exercises physiology

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13
Q

Basic ______________ are responsible for the structure and functions of life.

A

Chemical characteristics

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14
Q

What are cells?

A

The basic structural and functional units of organisms

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15
Q

What are organelles?

A

Small structures within cells that perform specific functions.

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16
Q

Tissues are composed of __________ of similar structure and function and the materials surrounding them.

A

Groups of cells

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17
Q

Four primary tissue types

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue

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18
Q

________ are structures composed of two or more tissues that perform specific functions.

A

Organs

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19
Q

How many organ systems in the body?

A 
11
Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Lymphatic system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular system
Urinary system
Female reproductive system
Male reproductive system
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20
Q

What are the main characteristics humans share with other organisms?

A

Organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, and reproduction

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21
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The condition in which body functions, body fluids, and other factors if the internal environment are maintained at levels suitable to support life

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22
Q

What does negative feedback do for the body?

A

Maintain homeostasis

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23
Q

What are the three important parts of a negative feedback mechanism?

A

A receptor, a control center, an effector

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24
Q

_____________ usually result in deviations further from the set point.

A

Positive feedback mechanisms

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25
Q

Positive or negative feedback:

Childbirth labor

A

Positive

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26
Q

Positive or negative feedback:

Temperature control

A

Negative

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27
Q

___________ feedback occurs when something abnormal happened and has an end result, ___________ feedback occurs when maintaining balance in the body’s functions.

A

Positive; negative

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28
Q

Supine

A

A person lying face upward

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29
Q

Prone

A

A person lying face downward

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30
Q

Superior

A

Upper, cephalic

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31
Q

Inferior

A

Lower, caudal

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32
Q

Anterior

A

Front, ventral

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33
Q

Posterior

A

Back, dorsal

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34
Q

Cephalic

A

Superior, upper

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35
Q

Caudal

A

Inferior, lower

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36
Q

Ventral

A

Anterior, front

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37
Q

Dorsal

A

Posterior, back

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38
Q

Proximal

A

The closer end to the heart

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39
Q

Distal

A

The further end from the heart

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40
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

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41
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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42
Q

Superficial

A

A structure close to the surface if the body

43
Q

Deep

A

A structure toward the interior of the body

44
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

45
Q

Orbital

A

Eye

46
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

47
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

48
Q

Otic

A

Ear

49
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

50
Q

Mental

A

Chin

51
Q

Clavicular

A

Collarbone

52
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

53
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

54
Q

Antecubital

A

Front of elbow

55
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

56
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

57
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

58
Q

Digital

A

Fingers or toes

59
Q

Manual

A

Hand

60
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

61
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

62
Q

Patellar

A

Kneecap

63
Q

Crural

A

Leg

64
Q

Talus

A

Ankle

65
Q

Dorsum

A

Top of foot or hand

66
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

67
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

68
Q

Occipital

A

Base of skull

69
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

70
Q

Nuchal

A

Back of neck

71
Q

Acromial

A

Point of shoulder

72
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

73
Q

Veetebral

A

Spinal column

74
Q

Lumbar

A

Loin

75
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

76
Q

Olecranon

A

Point of elbow

77
Q

Sacral

A

Between hips

78
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttock

79
Q

Perineal

A

Pelvic floor

80
Q

Popliteal

A

Hollow behind knees

81
Q

Sural

A

Calf

82
Q

Plantar

A

Sole

83
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

84
Q

What is the thoracic cavity?

A

The topmost cavity in the trunk; contains the heart and lungs

85
Q

What does the diaphram divide?

A

The thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity

86
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

It divides the thoracic cavity; contains the heart, the thymus, the trachea, the esophagus and other structures such as blood vessels and nerves; the two lungs are on either side

87
Q

____________ line the trunk cavities.

A

Serous membranes

88
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body into right and left parts

89
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body horizontally, into superior and inferior portions

90
Q

Frontal plane

A

Also known as a coronal plane; divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

91
Q

Longitudinal section

A

Divides an organ along the length

92
Q

Transverse section

A

Cuts at a right angle to the length of the organ; aka cross section

93
Q

Oblique section

A

Cuts across the length of an organ at an angle other than a right angle

94
Q

The ________ portion of a serous membrane lines the wall of the ___________.

A

Patietal; cavity

95
Q

The __________ portion is in contact with the _____________.

A

Visceral; internal organs

96
Q

What fills the space between the visceral and parietal membranes?

A

Fluid secreted by the serous membrane

97
Q

What is the purpose of the serous membrane?

A

It protects organs from friction

98
Q

The ___________ cavity surrounds the heart.

A

Pericardial

99
Q

The ___________ cavities sound the lungs.

A

Pleural

100
Q

The ____________ cavity surrounds certain abdominal and pelvic organs.

A

Peritoneal

101
Q

What are mesenteries?

A

Parts of the peritoneum that hold the abdominal organs in place

102
Q

____________ provide a passageway for blood vessels and nerves to the organs.

A

Mesenteries

103
Q

Where are retroperitoneal organs?

A

Behind the parietal peritoneum

Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology (1 decks)

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