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Anatomy and Physiology I > Chapter 1: The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Concerns the function of the body, in other words, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys.

A

Macroscopic anatomy

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4
Q

All the structures (muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc.) in a particular region of the body, such as the abdomen or leg, are examined at the same time.

A

Regional anatomy

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5
Q

Body structure is studied system by system. For example, when studying the cardiovascular system, you would examine the heart and the blood vessels of the entire body.

A

Systemic anatomy

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6
Q

The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface.

A

Surface anatomy

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7
Q

Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye.

A

Microscopic anatomy

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8
Q

The study of the cells of the body

A

Cytology

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9
Q

The study of tissues

A

Histology

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10
Q

Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span.

A

Developmental anatomy

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11
Q

A subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth.

A

Embryology

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12
Q

Studies structural changes caused by disease.

A

Pathological anatomy

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13
Q

Studies internal structures as visualized by X-ray images or specialized scanning procedures.

A

Radiographic anatomy

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14
Q

Feeling organs with your hands

A

Palpation

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15
Q

Listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope

A

Auscultation

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16
Q

Concerns kidney function and urine production

A

Renal physiology

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17
Q

Explains the workings of the nervous system

A

Neurophysiology

18
Q

Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular physiology

19
Q

What a structure can do depends on its specific form

A

Principle of complementarity of structure and function

20
Q

The simplest level of the structural hierarchy. At this level, atoms. tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water and proteins.

A

Chemical level

21
Q

All cells have some common functions, but individual cells vary widely in size and shape, reflecting their unique functions in the body

A

Cellular level

22
Q

Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function.

A

Tissue level

23
Q

Extremely complex functions become possible.

A

Organ level

24
Q

Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

A

Organ system level

25
Q

Represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive

A

Organismal level

26
Q

Includes the activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another by running or swimming, and manipulating the external environment with our nimble fingers

A

Movement

27
Q

The muscle cell’s ability to move by shortening

A

Contractility

28
Q

The ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them

A

Responsiveness or excitability

29
Q

The breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

A

Digestion

30
Q

All chemical reactions that occur within body cells. It includes breaking down substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances, and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP, the energy-rich molecules that power cellular activities.

A

Metabolism

31
Q

The process of removing wastes, or excreta, from the body

A

Excretion

32
Q

Occurs at the cellular and the organismal level.

A

Reproduction

33
Q

An increase in size of a body part or the organism as a whole

A

Growth

34
Q

Taken in via the dies, contain the chemical substances used for energy and cell building. Carbohydrates are the major energy fuel for body cells.

A

Nutrients

35
Q

Accounts for 60% to 80% of our body weight and is the simple most abundant chemical substance in the body

A

Water

36
Q

Normal body temperature

A

98.6 degrees

37
Q

The force that air exerts on the surface of the body

A

Atmospheric pressure

38
Q

Ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even thought the outside world changes continuously

A

Homeostasis

39
Q

the factor or event being regulated

A

Variable

40
Q

Some type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes called stimuli, by sending information to the second component, the control center

A

Receptor

41
Q

Determines the set point, which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained

A

Control center

42
Q

Provides the means for the control center’s response to the stimulus

A

Effector

Anatomy and Physiology I (3 decks)

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