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PDBIO 210 > Chapter 1: The Human Body > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of the structure of the human body (AKA morphology: the science of form)

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2
Q

Physiology

A

the study of body function

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3
Q

Gross anatomy

A

the study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye (i.e. bones, muscles, lungs)

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4
Q

Regional anatomy

A

all structures in a single body region are examined as a group (i.e. abdomen, head, etc.)

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5
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

all organs with related functions are studied (i.e. muscular system, skeletal system). Best for relating structure to function!

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6
Q

Surface anatomy

A

the study of shapes and markings (landmarks) on the surface of the body that reveal the underlying organs. (Ex. clinicians use it to locate blood vessels for places catheters, drawing blood, etc.)

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7
Q

What structures does microscopic anatomy deal with?

A

cells, cell parts, groups of cells/tissues, microscopic details of body organs

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8
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

traces the structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span & the effects of aging

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9
Q

Embryology

A

the study of how body structures form & develop before birth

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10
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

studies the structural changes in cells, tissues & organs caused by disease

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11
Q

Radiographic anatomy

A

studies internal body structures by means of X-ray & other imaging techniques

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12
Q

Axial region

A

head, neck & trunk

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13
Q

Trunk region

A

thorax (chest), abdomen, pelvis, perineum

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14
Q

Appendicular region

A

limbs / appendages / extremities

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15
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

toward the head or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Ex. The head is superior to the abdomen.

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16
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Ex. The navel is inferior to the nose.

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17
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Ex. The breastbone is anterior to the spine.

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18
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Toward or at the back of the body; behind

Ex. The heart is posterior to the breastbone

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19
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at the mid-line of the body; on the inner side of

Ex. The heart is medial to the arm

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20
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the mid-line of the body; on the outer side of

Ex. The arms are lateral to the chest

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21
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Ex. The elbow is proximal to the wrist

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22
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Ex. The knee is distal to the thigh

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23
Q

Superficial (external)

A

Toward or at the body surface

ex. the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

24
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Away from the body surface

ex. The lungs are deep to the skin

25
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

ex. The right hand and right foot are ipsilateral

26
Q

Contralateral

A

On opposite sides

ex. The right hand and left foot are contralateral.

27
Q

abduct

A

to draw away from the median line or axis

28
Q

adduct

A

to draw toward the median line or axis

29
Q

aveolus

A

pit, sac, or socket, “a hollow”

30
Q

articulate

A

a joining as in a joint; to bind or make tight

31
Q

bifurcate

A

to divide into two branches - “fork”

32
Q

canal

A

tubular channel comprised of the same tissue through which it travels

33
Q

condyle

A

knob or rounded eminence that articulates (joins) with another bone

34
Q

crista

A

narrowing projecting ridge of a bone, “crest”

35
Q

afferent

A

nerve fiber or blood vessel the “carries toward” a structure or organ

36
Q

efferent

A

nerve fiber or blood vessel that “carries away” from a structure or organ

37
Q

fissure

A

narrow opening or slit in the bone

38
Q

foramen

A

opening or hole in a bone or membrane, “door”

39
Q

fossa

A

shallow longitudinal depression of a surface, “dig”

40
Q

fovea

A

small concave, cup-shaped depression in bone that articulates with another bone, “pit”

41
Q

frontal / coronal plane

A

divides organs into anterior (ventral) & posterior (dorsal) halves

42
Q

head

A

round portion of the proximal end of a bone that articulates with another bone

43
Q

meatus

A

canal or passageway through a bone or organ

44
Q

parietal

A

referring to the perimeter of the body or of a cavity, “wall”

45
Q

process

A

prominence of a bone that projects from the main mass

46
Q

prone

A

lying with the face and palms downward

47
Q

sagittal

A

the plane that divides organs into right and left halves, “arrow”

48
Q

sinus

A

hollow cavity, passage or recess in a bone or vessel

49
Q

spin

A

bony process that is sharp & narrow

50
Q

supine

A

lying with the face and palms upward

51
Q

transverse

A

horizontal plane or cross section that divides organs into superior and inferior parts

52
Q

trochanter

A

one of two bony processes of the femur for muscle attachment

53
Q

tubercle

A

small knobby prominence on a bone

54
Q

tuberosity

A

roughened, large prominence on a bone for muscle attachment

55
Q

viscera

A

referring to internal organs or viscera

56
Q

vascular

A

having a blood supply, “vessels”

PDBIO 210 (2 decks)

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