Chapter 1 - The Human Body

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Study of the structures of living organisms.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of the functions of living organisms.

Question 3

Histology

Answer 3

Branch of anatomy dealing with the Microscopic study of tissues.

Question 4

Contractablility

Answer 4

muscles cells ability to move by shortening.

Question 5

Excitability

Answer 5

Ability to respond to stimuli.

Question 6

Digestion

Answer 6

A series of catabolic steps in which complex food molecules get broken down to their building blocks by enzymes.

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

Sum total of the chemical reactions occurring in the body’s cells.

Question 8

Excretion

Answer 8

elimination of waste products from the body.

Question 9

Nutrients

Answer 9

Chemical substances taken in via the diet that are used for energy and cell building.

Question 10

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 10

Force that air exerts on the surface of the body (760 mm Hg at sea level).

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

A state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body.

Question 12

Receptor

Answer 12

(1) A cell or nerve ending of a sensory neuron specialized to respond to particular types of stimuli; (2) protein that binds specifically with other molecules, e.g., neurotransmitters, hormones, paracrines, antigens.

Question 13

Effector

Answer 13

Muscle or gland (or other organ) capable of being activated by nerve endings.

Question 14

Negative feedback mechanisms

Answer 14

The most common homeostatic control mechanism. The net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.

Question 15

Positive feedback mechanisms

Answer 15

Feedback that tends to cause the level of a variable to change in the same direction as an initial change.

Question 16

Axial

Answer 16

Relating to the head, neck, and trunk; one of the two major divisions of the skeleton.

Question 17

Appendicular

Answer 17

Relating to the limbs; one of the two major divisions of the skeleton.

Question 18

Median (midsagittal) plane

Answer 18

Specific sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline.

Question 19

Sagittal plane

Answer 19

A longitudinal (vertical) plane that divides the body or any of its parts into right and left portions.

Question 20

Parasagittal planes

Answer 20

All sagittal planes offset from the midline.

Question 21

Frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 21

Longitudinal (vertical) plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior parts.

Question 22

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Answer 22

A plane running from right to left, dividing the body or an organ into superior and inferior parts.

Question 23

Cross section

Answer 23

A cut running horizontally from right to left, dividing the body or an organ into superior and inferior parts.

Question 24

Oblique section

Answer 24

A cut made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical plane of the body or an organ.

Question 25

Visceral

Answer 25

Pertaining to an internal organ of the body or the inner part of a structure.

Question 26

Pleural cavity

Answer 26

A potential space between the two layers of pleura; contains a thin film of serous fluid.

Question 27

Mediastinum

Answer 27

The medial cavity of the thorax containing the heart, great vessels, thymus, and parts of the trachea, bronchi, and esophagus.

Question 28

Serosa (serous membrane)

Answer 28

The moist membrane found in closed ventral body cavities.

Question 29

Parietal serosa

Answer 29

The part of the double-layered membrane that lines the walls of the ventral body cavity.

Question 30

Visceral serosa

Answer 30

The part of the double-layered membrane that lines the outer surfaces of organs within the ventral body cavity.

Question 31

Serous fluid

Answer 31

Clear, watery fluid secreted by cells of a serous membrane.