Chapter 1: The Human Body Flashcards
Anatomy
Study of the structures of the body
Physiology
Study of how the structures function in the body
The levels of structural hierarchy
- ) Atoms
- ) molecules
- ) organelle
- ) cell
- ) tissue
- ) organ
- ) organ system
- ) whole organism
The Integumentary System
External body covering protects deep tissue
Skeletal system
Protects and supports the body
Muscular system
Manipulation of environment and produces heat
Nervous system
The control center of the body
Endocrine system
The releasing of hormones through the body
Cardiovascular system
Pumps blood to the heart
Lymphatic system
Returns fluid back to the blood
Respiratory system
Breathing
Digestive system
Breaks down food
Urinary system
Gets rid of nitrogenous waste from the body
Male reproductive system
Production of sperm for reproduction of offspring
Female reproductive system
Production of egg for reproduction of offspring
Negative feedback
Blood pressure and body temperature
Positive feedback
Blood clotting and childbirth
Superior (cranial)
Towards the head or upper part of a structure or body
Inferior (caudal)
Away from the head and or towards the lower part of a structure or body
Ventral (anterior)
Toward or at the front of the body
Dorsal (Posterior)
Towards or at the back of the body
Medial
Towards or at the midline of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (limbs only)
Distal
Farther from origin of a body part of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Superficial (external)
Toward or at the body surface
Deep (internal)
Away from the body surface (more internal)
Sagittal plane
Cut into right and left parts
Midsagittal
Equal left and right parts
Parasagittal
Not equal left and right parts
Frontal
Cut into anterior and posterior half‘s
Transverse (horizontal)
Cut into superior and inferior parts
Dorsal body cavity
Totally encased in bone
Contains cranial and vertebral cavity
Theoretic cavity
Contains heart and lungs
Abdominal cavity
Contains digestive system
Pelvic cavity
Contains urinary bladder reproductive organs and rectum
Serous membranes
Water-based
Cranial cavity
Contains the brain
Vertebral cavity
Contains the spinal cord
Ventral body cavity
Contains thoracic and abdominal and pelvic cavities
Diaphragm
Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Parietal
Outer
Visceral
Inner
Serous Fluid
In the cavity
Pericardium
The sack of tissue that surrounds the heart
Parietal pericardium
The outer layer of the pericardium
Visceral pericardium
The inner surface of the outer pericardium
Mesentery
The membrane the anchors the organs in place
Right upper quadrant
Contains liver and gallbladder
Right lower quadrant
Contains the appendix bladder uterus and right ovary
Left upper quadrant
Contains the stomach spleen and pancreas
Left lower quadrant
Contains the bladder uterus and left Orei
