Chapter 1 The foundations of counseling and psychotherapy

Question 1

What is the counseling framework?

Answer 1

Awareness, Knowledge, Skills, and Action.

Question 2

What is interviewing?

Answer 2

The basic process for gathering data, providing information and advice to clients, and suggesting workable alternatives for resolving concerns

Question 3

What is coaching? (it is closely related to interviewing)

Answer 3

partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential

Question 4

What is Counseling?

Answer 4

a more intensive and personal process- after interviewing- to gain information, counseling is more about listening to and understanding a client’s life challenges and developing strategies for change and growth

Question 5

What is Psychotherapy?

Answer 5

focusing more on deep-seated issues, which often require more time for resolution.

Question 6

Counseling is both science and art?

T. or F.

Answer 6

True.

Similar to an artist, whose skills and knowledge produce beautiful paintings out of color,

The counselor is the listener who will provide color and meaning to the interpersonal experience

Question 7

How has Neuroscience and neurobiology added a new dimension to counseling and therapy practice?

Answer 7

Each conversation we have with a client has the potential for affecting not only the mind but also the brain, which in turn can change the body.

Question 8

Effective counseling and therapy include which of the following.

a. the client
b. the therapist
d. the feedback
e. the contextual factors surrounding the process
f. all of the above

Answer 8

f. all of the above

client, therapist, relationship, feedback, and contextual factors surrounding the process

Question 9

Should clients be encouraged to assess their therapist and therapy session’s effectiveness?

Answer 9

Yes. When Counselors adapt their work, guided by client feedback, their effectiveness improves.

Question 10

Effective counseling and therapy include which 6 factors?

Answer 10

1. client 4. treatment
2. therapist 5. feedback
3. relationship 6. contextual factors surrounding this process

Question 11

Paul Pederson said what about cultural intentionality in counseling?

Answer 11

“All interviewing and counseling is multicultural. Each client comes to the session embodying multiple voices from their past.”

Question 12

What constitutes a flexible, aware, and skilled counselor?

Answer 12

Intensionality- the importance of being in the moment and responding flexibly to the ever-changing needs of the client.

Question 13

What is Cultural Intensionality?

Answer 13

Each client interview occurs in a cultural context, and we need to be aware of diversity and difference. Cultural Intensionality is acting with a sense of capability and flexibility, realizing that there is more than one thought, action, or behavior to choose from when dealing with life-changing situations and diverse clients.

Question 14

T. or F. Culturally intensional counselors and psychotherapists are concerned with the clients’ correct responses, with an awareness that different people from varying backgrounds respond uniquely.

Answer 14

False. Culturally Intensional counselors and psychotherapists are NOT concerned with which single response is correct but with the awareness that different people from varying backgrounds respond uniquely.

Question 15

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 15

We are all multicultural beings. For example, if you are a white, heterosexual, male, from Alabama, with a Methodist religious background, you will have a distinct cultural background.

Now, switch out the race, sexual orientation, gender, state, and religious background- and your cultural factors will change your world view and behavior.

Question 16

Who said, “When we tackle obstacles, we find hidden reserves of courage and resilience we did not know we had…”

Answer 16

Abdul Kalam- the 11th President of India.

Question 17

Resilience?

Answer 17

When we seek to help clients bounce back and recover once they encounter serious life changes.

Question 18

What is the end goal of resilience?

Answer 18

A counselor’s ultimate goal is to teach self-healing- the capacity to use what is learned in counseling to resolve other issues in the future. This will demonstrate the achievement of resiliency.

Question 19

The term ‘Self-actualization’ is central to the world of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. What does it mean?

Answer 19

*Roger’s definition- the curative force in psychotherapy; man’s tendency to actualize himself to become his potential

*Maslow’s definition- intrinsic growth of what is already in the organism, or more accurately of what is the organism itself.

Question 20

Counseling sessions are indeed for the individual client, although Rogers and Maslow had another central component. What was it?

Answer 20

being in a relationship with others

Question 21

What type of skills provides specific ways for you to reach and effectively communicate with many types of clients?

Answer 21

Micro skills

Question 22

What is the micro-skills hierarchy? (p. 12 of the text)

Answer 22

*The skills rest on a base of ethics, multicultural competence, neuroscience, positive psychology, and resilience.

*The first step up from the base is attending and operation skills.

*The next step up is empathetic listening skills of questioning, observation, encouraging, paraphrasing, summarizing and reflecting feelings.

Question 23

Stage five, of the hierarchy, provides the framework for what?

Answer 23

Integrating the micro-skills into a complete counseling session. [emphatic relationship-story and strength-goals-restory-action]

Question 24

Concrete action strategies include what?

Answer 24

an array of influencing skills that offer: self-disclosure and feedback and strategies of logical consequences

Question 25

Neuroscience and Neurobiology are now known as cutting-edge science for the future of counseling according to whom?

Answer 25

1. Psychotherapy is a biological treatment, brain therapy. It causes detectable physical changes in our brain, as much as learning.

Eric Kandel, Nobel Prize Winner

2. Our interaction with clients changes their brain and ours. In a not too distant future, counseling will be regarded as ideal for nurturing nature.

Oscar Goncalves

Question 26

T. or F.

Counseling and psychotherapy are moving closer to medicine, neurology and cognitive science.

Answer 26

True.

Physicians, using the medical model, are increasingly aware that what happens in the body is deeply influenced by the mind.

Question 27

According to Ratey & Manning (2014), 80% of medical issues involve the brain. How do they explain this?

Answer 27

No longer can we separate the body from the mind. Nor can the individual be separated from his or her environment and culture. Stress and stressful events leave a marked imprint on the brain.