Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology Flashcards
What did Wilhelm Wundt study?
The scientific of conscious experiences
Who was from Germany (hint: 1832-1920
Wilhelm Wundt
What did Edward Titchener study?
Structuralism, Introspection & Analyzing consciousness into basic elements
What did William James study?
Functionalism, Function & Purpose
What did William James go more into depth?
Mental Testing, Developmental patterns & Sex difference
What did John B. Watson found? Where was he from?
Founder of BEHAVIOURISM. USA
Who said: “ARE WE WHO WAS ARE BECAUSE OF NATURE OR NURTURE?”
What side was he on?
John B. Watson & Nurture
What did Sigmund Freud found? Where was he from?
(hint: He was Psyco) What was his emphasis?
Founded Psychoanalytic School of Thought. Emphasis on the unconscious
What was freewill to Freud & Skinner?
AN ILLUSION
What did B.F Skinner believe in?
Environmental factors determined behaviour-no choice in the matter
Response good & Bad
Who believed in STRUCTURALISM?
Edwards Titchener
Who believed in Functionalism?
William James
Who was the founder in BEHAVIOURISM?
John B. Watson
Who focused on the Stimulus-Response relationship?
John B. Watson
What did Sigmund Freud believe about Religion?
It was bad for society & it was a wish. No purpose for living
Who was a Materialist & Pessimist? (He was crazy)
Signmund Freud
Who believed Psychoanalytic Theory & Behaviourism= DEHUMANISING
Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow
Who created a new school of thought?
ROGERS & MASLOW
What was the Emphasis on in the new school of thought?
Emphasis on the unique human qualities of humans. And Freedom and Personal Growth
Who established the first experimental lab at UofT
James Mark Baldwin
What other association did Baldwin help found?
American Psychological Association
What were Brenda Miller & Donald Hebb?
Neuroscientists
What was Hebbs behaviour model?
You dont have to break a bone to know it hurts
What is Clinical Psychology?
What happened after WW2
Diagnosis & treatment of psychological problems and disorders
Academic Psychologists had to become Clinicians to treat trauma
What is Cognition?
Mental process involved in acquiring knowledge (thinking and learning)
What did Jean Piaget focus on?
Cognition and working with children
What did Noam Chomsky focus on?
Cognition & Language
What did Herbert A. Simon focus on (2 points)
Neuroscience & Decision Making.
Application of Scientific Methods to study internal mental events
What is Biological perspective?
Behaviour explained in terms of psychological process (neuroscience)
What did OLDS test?
Electrical stimulation in the brains of animals evokes an emotional response
What did SPERRY test?
Left and Right brain specialization. Either side has their own mental job(more in chap 3)
What did HEBB believe?
What was his importance?
Cell-assemblies describe neural network
Importance of brain behaviour
What was important to HEBB?
What did he argue?
IMPORTANT opposite to the dominance of the BEHAVIOURIST models
-Argued that beginning of behaviour should be in the brain and cell assembly
What is Cell Assembly?
No single what?
Fire & Wire?
it resembles cognitive units that together or con facilitate behaviours
- No single cell affects dramatically
- many cells are required to fire together
- ”Cells that fire together wire together
What are joining pathways?
The more time you spend on something the more likely a pathway will be created.
-Can be good or bad
What is Ethnocentrism?
Viewing one’s group is superior to others and a standard of judging
When was there an increased interest on hoe cultural factors influenced behaviour? Increased Cultural Diversity
1980s
What Evolutionary Psychology
Natural selection occurs for behavioural as we as physical, characteristics
Who were the late comers to Evolutionary Psychology ?
BDWC&T
Buss, Daly, Wilson, Cosmides & Toby
What was criticisms of Evolutionary psychology
Untestable. "See a behaviour & then make your theory fit the behaviour" mistakes were made White supreeisits MEN No individual choice
What is the functional product of Natural Selection?
Evolutionary Theory
Example of Evolutionary psychology?
Advantage of rape
Reproductive strategy to eliminate the weak
If you can not survive it -means you need to be eliminated
What did Darwin believe about evolutionary psychology?
That it was survival of the fittest
Who was Martin Seligman?
What did he use to defend his work?
Studied positive emotional experience
theory & research to better understand the positive aspects of human existence
What is psychology today?
Vigorous & Diversified
Studies behaviour & the psychological & cognitive processes that underlie in it
-A profession that applies an accumulated knowledge of science to practical problems
