Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology

Question 1

What did Wilhelm Wundt study?

Answer 1

The scientific of conscious experiences

Question 2

Who was from Germany (hint: 1832-1920

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 3

What did Edward Titchener study?

Answer 3

Structuralism, Introspection & Analyzing consciousness into basic elements

Question 4

What did William James study?

Answer 4

Functionalism, Function & Purpose

Question 5

What did William James go more into depth?

Answer 5

Mental Testing, Developmental patterns & Sex difference

Question 6

What did John B. Watson found? Where was he from?

Answer 6

Founder of BEHAVIOURISM. USA

Question 7

Who said: “ARE WE WHO WAS ARE BECAUSE OF NATURE OR NURTURE?”
What side was he on?

Answer 7

John B. Watson & Nurture

Question 8

What did Sigmund Freud found? Where was he from?

(hint: He was Psyco) What was his emphasis?

Answer 8

Founded Psychoanalytic School of Thought. Emphasis on the unconscious

Question 9

What was freewill to Freud & Skinner?

Answer 9

AN ILLUSION

Question 10

What did B.F Skinner believe in?

Answer 10

Environmental factors determined behaviour-no choice in the matter
Response good & Bad

Question 11

Who believed in STRUCTURALISM?

Answer 11

Edwards Titchener

Question 12

Who believed in Functionalism?

Answer 12

William James

Question 13

Who was the founder in BEHAVIOURISM?

Answer 13

John B. Watson

Question 14

Who focused on the Stimulus-Response relationship?

Answer 14

John B. Watson

Question 15

What did Sigmund Freud believe about Religion?

Answer 15

It was bad for society & it was a wish. No purpose for living

Question 16

Who was a Materialist & Pessimist? (He was crazy)

Answer 16

Signmund Freud

Question 17

Who believed Psychoanalytic Theory & Behaviourism= DEHUMANISING

Answer 17

Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow

Question 18

Who created a new school of thought?

Answer 18

ROGERS & MASLOW

Question 19

What was the Emphasis on in the new school of thought?

Answer 19

Emphasis on the unique human qualities of humans. And Freedom and Personal Growth

Question 20

Who established the first experimental lab at UofT

Answer 20

James Mark Baldwin

Question 21

What other association did Baldwin help found?

Answer 21

American Psychological Association

Question 22

What were Brenda Miller & Donald Hebb?

Answer 22

Neuroscientists

Question 23

What was Hebbs behaviour model?

Answer 23

You dont have to break a bone to know it hurts

Question 24

What is Clinical Psychology?

What happened after WW2

Answer 24

Diagnosis & treatment of psychological problems and disorders
Academic Psychologists had to become Clinicians to treat trauma

Question 25

What is Cognition?

Answer 25

Mental process involved in acquiring knowledge (thinking and learning)

Question 26

What did Jean Piaget focus on?

Answer 26

Cognition and working with children

Question 27

What did Noam Chomsky focus on?

Answer 27

Cognition & Language

Question 28

What did Herbert A. Simon focus on (2 points)

Answer 28

Neuroscience & Decision Making. | Application of Scientific Methods to study internal mental events

Question 29

What is Biological perspective?

Answer 29

Behaviour explained in terms of psychological process (neuroscience)

Question 30

What did OLDS test?

Answer 30

Electrical stimulation in the brains of animals evokes an emotional response

Question 31

What did SPERRY test?

Answer 31

Left and Right brain specialization. Either side has their own mental job(more in chap 3)

Question 32

What did HEBB believe? | What was his importance?

Answer 32

Cell-assemblies describe neural network | Importance of brain behaviour

Question 33

What was important to HEBB? | What did he argue?

Answer 33

IMPORTANT opposite to the dominance of the BEHAVIOURIST models -Argued that beginning of behaviour should be in the brain and cell assembly

Question 34

What is Cell Assembly? No single what? Fire & Wire?

Answer 34

it resembles cognitive units that together or con facilitate behaviours - No single cell affects dramatically - many cells are required to fire together - ”Cells that fire together wire together

Question 35

What are joining pathways?

Answer 35

The more time you spend on something the more likely a pathway will be created. -Can be good or bad

Question 36

What is Ethnocentrism?

Answer 36

Viewing one’s group is superior to others and a standard of judging

Question 37

When was there an increased interest on hoe cultural factors influenced behaviour? Increased Cultural Diversity

Answer 37

1980s

Question 38

What Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 38

Natural selection occurs for behavioural as we as physical, characteristics

Question 39

Who were the late comers to Evolutionary Psychology ? | BDWC&T

Answer 39

Buss, Daly, Wilson, Cosmides & Toby

Question 40

What was criticisms of Evolutionary psychology

Answer 40

``` Untestable. "See a behaviour & then make your theory fit the behaviour" mistakes were made White supreeisits MEN No individual choice ```

Question 41

What is the functional product of Natural Selection?

Answer 41

Evolutionary Theory

Question 42

Example of Evolutionary psychology?

Answer 42

Advantage of rape Reproductive strategy to eliminate the weak If you can not survive it -means you need to be eliminated

Question 43

What did Darwin believe about evolutionary psychology?

Answer 43

That it was survival of the fittest

Question 44

Who was Martin Seligman? | What did he use to defend his work?

Answer 44

Studied positive emotional experience | theory & research to better understand the positive aspects of human existence

Question 45

What is psychology today? | Vigorous & Diversified

Answer 45

Studies behaviour & the psychological & cognitive processes that underlie in it -A profession that applies an accumulated knowledge of science to practical problems