Chapter 1: The Earliest Human Societies Flashcards
When does history begin?
When writing and documentation began.
Where is the earliest writing found?
The Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys of Mesopotamia.
Earliest human Era?
Stone Age
What parts were the stone age divided into?
The old stone age, the middle stone age, and the new stone age.
The old stone age is called?
Paleolithic era
What was the new stone age also called?
Neolithic Era
Purpose of middle stone age?
Transitional period between the old stone age and the new stone age
Old stone age qualities
Hominids made tools. They were hunters and gatherers. They do not know how to grow food so they gather. Tended to follow animal herds.
New stone age qualities
The beginning of hierarchies, agriculture, and animal domestication.
The 3 main ages
Stone age, metal age, and synthetic age. We may leave these ages, but we take many qualities and knowledge from each one.
Homo
Human
The first great discovery
The utilization of fire. They did not know how to make it, but it would keep them warm, gave light, and cooked meat.
Why was cooperation important.
They had to get along with one another because in the end they were trying to survive. Working together allowed for more food, shelter, and overall success.
Technological advances in the old stone age?
Art, jewelry, music
What revolutions happened in the new stone age period?
The first agricultural revolution, and the domestication of animals.
What helped them to settle down?
Agriculture, because they could not be gathering and travelling all over the place. They had to stay and tend the crops.
Importance behind animal domestication?
- Dog - helped with hunting and warmth, also have dog shelter and food
- Cat - Took care of rodents in farmland, and in storing food.
- Sheep - Wool and meat
- Cow - Milk, meat, and tending to grass in pastures
Migration qualities
As people began to migrate out of Africa, more culture and diversity began to show. Living permanently in area created art, music, religious ideas, and hierarchies.
Religious members social standing
Shamans and priests had a high social standing because they has links with gods, good personal characteristics, and were head of kin groups.
Significance of wealth
The strength, better personality, and leadership skills one has is a sign of the elite.
Patriarchy qualities
Men became seen as above women, they had more power and duties. Better access to resources as well. Relationships became important. Elite men did not want poor women. Because this made terrible, unsuccessful children.
Evolution
Evolution has been important with all of the ages. As they discovered new things and ideas, their brains grew. More brain power. Better social skills, better tools, more food, and higher live expectancies.
