Chapter 1-The Civil Rights Movement Takes Shape

Question 1

Thurgood Marshall

Answer 1

He was an African American judge who played a major part in the Supreme Court case, Brown vs Board of Education. He went on to become one of the Supreme Court justices.

Question 2

Brown vs Board of Education

Answer 2

It was a Supreme Court case in which 9 year old Linda Brown wanted to go to a white only school 3 blocks away from her house, but instead, she had to go to a school that was all the way across town. Her father and the NAACP sued the school board, and the “separate but equal” statement was declared unconstitutional, and it was illegal to have segregated schools in the U.S.A.

Question 3

Little Rock Nine

Answer 3

These were nine outstanding Black American students who got into Central High School, but they got many hate comments and lynch threats. But they kept on going, and all of them went to college and got a good education.

Question 4

Rosa Parks

Answer 4

She was an African American woman who boarded a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. The all white section was filled, and the driver told her to give up her seat to a white man, but she refused, and got arrested.

Question 5

Montgomery bus boycott

Answer 5

Hundreds to thousands of African Americans did not ride the bus for over a year because of the arrest of Rosa Parks. This led to a lawsuit that integrated buses.

Question 6

Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 6

He was a Civil Rights leader and activist who made peace rallies and boycotts to express African Americans need for freedom. He got arrested several times. He is best known for his “I Have a Dream” speech at the March on Washington. He allegedly got shot and killed by James Earl Ray.

Question 7

Sit in

Answer 7

A sit in is when African Americans would sit at a white only counter until they got served, or until the store closed. They would get harassed, and sometimes even arrested.

Question 8

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee/SNCC

Answer 8

This was formed by the leaders of the student protests in 1960, where they continued to struggle for equal rights.

Question 9

John F. Kennedy

Answer 9

He was elected president of the 1960 presidential election. His goal as president was to deal with foreign policy, ensure good schooling, and get equal rights for African Americans. Although he was a Civil Rights Movement supporter, he went very slow when it came to equal rights. He got assassinated in 1963.

Question 10

Freedom Rides

Answer 10

Freedom Rides were when black and white bus riders traveled together to segregated bus stations in the South.

Question 11

The March on Washington

Answer 11

This was a freedom march on Washington D.C. that was a massive demonstration for civil rights. This is where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his “I Have A Dream”

Question 12

Lyndon B Johnson

Answer 12

Lyndon B Johnson was the President of the United States after John F Kennedy died. He wanted to continue what JFK had started and finish them. He was also an important role in the Civil Rights Movement, as he signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which banned segregation in all states. Then, one year later, he signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, so African Americans had the right to vote.

Question 13

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 13

This act guaranteed the segregation was outlawed in public places. It also outlawed discrimination in the workplace on the basis of color, gender, religion, or national origin.

Question 14

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 14

Lyndon B Johnson signed this act into law in August 1965. This law gave the federal government new powers to protect African Americans’ Voting Rights.

Question 15

The Great Society.

Answer 15

This was a program that Lyndon B Johnson signed as a program for domestic reforms that he called the Great Society.

Question 16

Black Power

Answer 16

The Black Power Movement was when African Americans wanted freedom, and they were going to do anything to get it, including violence.

Question 17

Malcom X

Answer 17

Malcolm X was an inspiration of the Black Power. He was a leader of the Nation of Islam. He argued that African Americans should work for social and political independence. In 1965 he broke from the Nation of Islam, and they killed hm. He said that he supported freedom at any cost.

Question 18

Cesar Chavez

Answer 18

He was an Hispanic American who worked to improve conditions for Hispanics in America

Question 19

United Farm Workers

Answer 19

This was committed to the goal of better pay and working conditions for migrant farm workers that move seasonally from farm to farm for work.

Question 20

Betty Friedan

Answer 20

She was a Jewish author who wrote the book The Feminine Mystique. It described the dissatisfaction that some women felt with their normal roles as a wife, mother, and homemaker.

Question 21

National Organization for Women

Answer 21

It was formed to fight for equal educational and career opportunities for women.

Question 22

Shirley Chisholm

Answer 22

She was elected to represent a district in New York City in the House of Representatives. She was the first African American woman to be elected into Congress.

Question 23

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 23

It would outlaw all discrimination based on sex. It had to go through Congress twice before it became a law.

Question 24

Phyllis Schlafly

Answer 24

She was a conservative activist, and founded the group STOP ERA, because she believed that it would take woman away from the children to having jobs and going back to school.

Question 25

American Indian Movement.

Answer 25

It was founded in 1968 to fight for equal rights for Native Americans.

Question 26

Disabled in Action.

Answer 26

It was a group to make people more aware of the challenges that faced people with disabilities.