Chapter 1 : The chemical nature of cells. Flashcards
Define hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
Hydrophilic/polar substances are soluble in water, whereas hydrophobic/non-polar substances are insoluble in water.
Define monomers and polymers.
Monomers are small sub-units, whereas polymers are large molecules made of these smaller sub-units.
How are polymers formed?
Condensation polymerization reaction.
Name the monomers and polymers of the four main bio-macro-molecules.
Monosaccharides, polysaccharides
Amino acids, proteins/polypeptides
Nucleotide, nucleic acids
Fatty acids, fats/lipids/membranes
What are carbohydrates composed of?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
State the general formula of carbohydrates.
CnH2nOn
Define monosaccharide.
A monosaccharide is a molecule that comprises a single sugar unit.
What term is given to a molecule that has two sugar units?
Disaccharide.
What is the most important monosaccharide?
Glucose.
Name examples of monosaccharides.
Glucose, fructose (five-ringed) and galactose.
Name examples of disaccharides?
Sucrose, lactose and maltose.
How is sucrose formed?
Glucose + Fructose
