Chapter 1 : The Chemical Nature of Cells

Question 1

Water

Answer 1

tasteless, odourless and nearly colourless substance, the most universal solvent and essential for all known forms of life - H₂O

Question 2

Solvent

Answer 2

a substance that dissolves a solute

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

total of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism

Question 4

Cohesive

Answer 4

describes the tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together

Question 5

Hydrophilic/Polar

Answer 5

substances that dissolve readily in water

Question 6

Hydrophobic/Non-Polar

Answer 6

substances that tend to be insoluble in water

Question 7

pH

Answer 7

measure of the concentration of H ions

Question 8

Acidic

Answer 8

describes substance that is a H ion donor and has a pH value less than 7

Question 9

Basic

Answer 9

describes substance that is a H ion acceptor and has a pH value higher than 7

Question 10

Buffer Substances

Answer 10

compounds that combine with or release H ions in a cell to prevent shifts in pH

Question 11

Polymer

Answer 11

large molecules made from identical or similar smaller sub-units

Question 12

Monomer

Answer 12

sub-units of a polymer

Question 13

Condensation Reaction

Answer 13

joining of monomers to form polymers involving the release of a water molecule

Question 14

Hydrolysis Reaction

Answer 14

breaking down of polymers into monomers involving the use of a water molecule

Question 15

Carbohydrates

Answer 15

built from monosaccharides and contain the elements C, H, O

Question 16

Proteins

Answer 16

built from amino acids which are linked by peptide bonds. Contain C, H, O, N, P, S

Question 17

Lipids

Answer 17

built from fatty acids + glycerol and contain C, H, O, P

Question 18

Nucleic Acids

Answer 18

built from nucleotides and contain C, H, O, N, P