Chapter 1 - The Cell

Question 1

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus whereas prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus.

Question 2

What is the function if the cytosol?

Answer 2

This allows for the diffusion of molecules throughout the cell.

Question 3

The Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains genetic material necessary for replication, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Question 4

Function of nuclear pores

Answer 4

Allow for selective two way exchange of material between the cytoplasm and the nucleus

Question 5

DNA contains coding regions called ___________. Linear DNA is wound around organizing proteins known as __________ and is then further wound into linear strands called ___________.

Answer 5

Genes, histones, chromosomes.

Question 6

The Nucleolus

Answer 6

Where ribosomal (rRNA) is synthesized.

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

ATP production and apoptosis

Question 8

Cristae

Answer 8

The numerous infoldings of the inner membrane Of the mitochondria

Question 9

Inter membrane space

Answer 9

The space between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria

Question 10

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 10

The space inside the inner membrane

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Breakdown substrates and can undergo apoptosis

Question 12

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 12

Series of interconnected membranes. Has a smooth and rough part.

Question 13

Rough ER

Answer 13

Synthesis of proteins for secretion

Question 14

Smooth ER

Answer 14

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 15

What are the four parts of the cell theory?

Answer 15

1. All living organisms are composed of cells
2. The cell is the basic functional unit of life
3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells
4. Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA. This material is passed on from parent to daughter cell.

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

Modifies and sorts cellular products

Question 17

Peroxisomes

Answer 17

Contain hydrogen peroxide. Aid in the breakdown of very long chain fatty acids. Participate in the pentose phosphate pathway.

Question 18

Cytoskeleton

Answer 18

Provides structure to the cell and helps maintain it’s shape

Question 19

What are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 19

Micro filaments, micro tubules, and intermediate filaments

Question 20

Micro filaments

Answer 20

Made up of solid polymerized rods of actin.

Question 21

Micro tubules

Answer 21

Hollow polymers of tubulin proteins. Provide pathways where motor proteins such as kinesin and dynein carry vesicles.

Question 22

Cilia

Answer 22

Projections from a cell that are primarily involved in movement of materials along the surface of the cell.
Example: cilia line the respiratory tract and are involved in the movement of mucus

Question 23

Flagella

Answer 23

Structures involved in movement of the cell itself.

Example: sperm cells through the reproductive tract

Question 24

9 + 2 structure

Answer 24

Cilia and flagella have his structure. Nine micro tubules forming an outer ring and two micro tubules in the center

Question 25

Centrioles

Answer 25

Organizing centers for micro tubules and are structured as nine triplets of microtubules with a hollow center

Question 26

Intermediate filaments

Answer 26

Keratin and desmin proteins.

Question 27

Four types of tissues:

Answer 27

Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle

Question 28

Epithelial tissue

Answer 28

Cover the body and line it’s cavities.

Question 29

Parenchyma

Answer 29

Functional parts of the organs

Question 30

Simple epithelial

Answer 30

One layer of cells

Question 31

Stratified epithelial

Answer 31

Multiple layers

Question 32

Pseudo stratified epithelial

Answer 32

Appear to have multiple layers due to differences in cell height, but are, in reality, only one layer.

Question 33

Connective tissue

Answer 33

Supports the body and provides a framework for the epithelial cells to carry out their functions

Question 34

Examples of connective tissue

Answer 34

Bone, cartridge, tendons, adipose tissue, and blood