Chapter 1 - The Cell Flashcards
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus whereas prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus.
What is the function if the cytosol?
This allows for the diffusion of molecules throughout the cell.
The Nucleus
Contains genetic material necessary for replication, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Function of nuclear pores
Allow for selective two way exchange of material between the cytoplasm and the nucleus
DNA contains coding regions called ___________. Linear DNA is wound around organizing proteins known as __________ and is then further wound into linear strands called ___________.
Genes, histones, chromosomes.
The Nucleolus
Where ribosomal (rRNA) is synthesized.
Mitochondria
ATP production and apoptosis
Cristae
The numerous infoldings of the inner membrane Of the mitochondria
Inter membrane space
The space between the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria
Mitochondrial matrix
The space inside the inner membrane
Lysosomes
Breakdown substrates and can undergo apoptosis
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Series of interconnected membranes. Has a smooth and rough part.
Rough ER
Synthesis of proteins for secretion
Smooth ER
Lipid synthesis and detoxification
What are the four parts of the cell theory?
- All living organisms are composed of cells
- The cell is the basic functional unit of life
- Cells arise only from pre-existing cells
- Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA. This material is passed on from parent to daughter cell.
Golgi apparatus
Modifies and sorts cellular products
Peroxisomes
Contain hydrogen peroxide. Aid in the breakdown of very long chain fatty acids. Participate in the pentose phosphate pathway.
Cytoskeleton
Provides structure to the cell and helps maintain it’s shape
What are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton?
Micro filaments, micro tubules, and intermediate filaments
Micro filaments
Made up of solid polymerized rods of actin.
Micro tubules
Hollow polymers of tubulin proteins. Provide pathways where motor proteins such as kinesin and dynein carry vesicles.
Cilia
Projections from a cell that are primarily involved in movement of materials along the surface of the cell.
Example: cilia line the respiratory tract and are involved in the movement of mucus
Flagella
Structures involved in movement of the cell itself.
Example: sperm cells through the reproductive tract
9 + 2 structure
Cilia and flagella have his structure. Nine micro tubules forming an outer ring and two micro tubules in the center
Centrioles
Organizing centers for micro tubules and are structured as nine triplets of microtubules with a hollow center
Intermediate filaments
Keratin and desmin proteins.
Four types of tissues:
Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle
Epithelial tissue
Cover the body and line it’s cavities.
Parenchyma
Functional parts of the organs
Simple epithelial
One layer of cells
Stratified epithelial
Multiple layers
Pseudo stratified epithelial
Appear to have multiple layers due to differences in cell height, but are, in reality, only one layer.
Connective tissue
Supports the body and provides a framework for the epithelial cells to carry out their functions
Examples of connective tissue
Bone, cartridge, tendons, adipose tissue, and blood
