Chapter 1 test Flashcards
All Learning objectives from KQ1/KQ2/KQ3
Mental Map
A personal visualization of spatial information
Activity Space
The local areas within which people move or travel during the course of their daily activities; individual routine
Cartography
The science of mapmaking
Map
A two dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth’s surface, or a portion of it
Absolute location
The exact point of latitude and longitude intersection
Relative location
Distance and direction from another location
Map purpose 1
As a reference tool to identify absolute/relative location
Map purpose 2
As a communications tool to convey the distribution of human activities or physical features
How did maps progress throughout the ages?
Early maps were used as a reference tool to get to show travelers how to get to point a to b. Improvements were later made due to advancements in cartography.(Primarily made outside of Europe by Chinese/Islamic world.)
How are mental maps used in human geography?
Mental maps are used in geography to find our way from point a to b, organizing/storing info for future reference, and a way to make meaning
Map scale
Level of detail and the amount of area covered on the map
Projection
Scientific method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map
Meridian
Lines running from pole to pole that connect points with the same longitude
Parallel
Lines of constant latitude that run east-west as circles parallel to the equator
Geographic grid
A system of imaginary areas drawn in a grid pattern on Earths surface. Allows us to pinpoint absolute location using lat/long
Latitude
A geographic coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on Earths surface
Longitude
A geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on Earths surface
Prime meridian
The zero of longitude
The four major lines of Lat/long
Tropic of cancer 23 degrees 26’(23.43 degrees)N/Tropic of Capricorn 23 degrees 26’(23.43 degrees)S/Arctic Circle 66° 34′ (66.57°) N/Antarctic Circle 66° 34′ (66.57°) S
Time zone
A region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purpose
Daylight Savings Time
Usually used in countries with higher latitude and temperature zones by adjusting the clock by an hour
UTC
Regulates clocks and time, within about a second (0 mean solar time) longitude; it does not observe daylight savings time. (Stands for Universal coordinated time)
Standard deviation
A plus or minus on hour to every 15 degrees your time zone is located
GMT
The mean solar time, located 0 degrees longitude at the prime meridian
How do geographers calculate standard deviation?
By using your location on a map and adding/subtracting an hour every 15 degrees your country it located
Human Geography
The branch of geography that deals with the study of people and their communities, cultures, economies, and interactions with the environment by studying their relations with and across space and place. Human geography attends to human patterns of social interaction, as well as spatial level interdependencies, and how they influence or affect the earth’s environment.
Geography
A field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets.
Physical Geography
The branch of natural science which deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere
Physical map
Focuses on the physical features of the place. Identifies/list many of distinguishable physical features of the place you can
Political map
Shows the spatial organization of the place. Identifies/list the number of organized spaces in the place.
Thematic map
Tells the story of the place
Toponym
The name of a place
Place
Refers to a physical and human aspects of a location
Location
A particular place or position
Site
The description of the features of a place
Situation
The environmental conditions of a place
3 ways geographers describe location, toponym, site, and situation
Relative location relation to other things around it
Region
An area on the planet that is composed of places with a unifying characteristic
Formal region
A region whose boundaries are formally defined
Functional region
Usually encompasses a central point with defined boundaries and the area around it that is connected via a well developed network of transportation and communication systems that facilitates that movement of people, goods, and ideas within that system.
Cultural diffusion
The process of spreading cultural traits from one region to another
Relocation diffusion
An idea or innovation that migrates into new areas, leaving behind its origin or source of the cultural trait.
Expansion diffusion
An innovation or idea that develops in a source area and remains strong there, while also spreading outward to other areas.
Hierarchical diffusion
An idea or innovation that spreads by moving from larger to smaller places often with little regard to the distance between places, and often influenced by social elites.
Contagious diffusion
An idea or innovation that spreads based on person-to-person contact within a given population.
Stimulus diffusion
An idea or innovation that spreads based on its attachment to another concept.
Columbian Exchange
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, west Africa, and the Old World. The most immediate impact was the cultural changes and the transfer of people(free and enslaved) between continents.
The five themes of geography
Location, Place, Human-Environment Interaction, Movement, and Region.
Vernacular region
The sense of a place; how the people see it
Globalization
The process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.
What are some facilitators of globalization
With the increased global connections comes the growth of international trade, ideas, and culture sharing. Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that’s associated with social and cultural aspects.
