Chapter 1 Test

Question 0

scanning electron microscope

Answer 0

an electron microscope where the surface of a specimen is scanned by a beam of electrons that are reflected to form an image

Question 1

light microscope

Answer 1

uses visible light to detect small objects

Question 2

transmission electron microscope

Answer 2

a form of electron microscope in which an image is derived through the specimen

Question 3

magnification

Answer 3

the number of times larger an image is compared with the real size of the object

Question 4

resolution

Answer 4

the ability to distinguish between two points

Question 5

photomicrograph

Answer 5

a photograph of a microscopic object taken with the aid of a microscope

Question 6

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of an eukaryotic cell

Question 7

electron micrograph

Answer 7

an image of the magnification of a microscopic object by an electron microscope

Question 8

ultrastructure

Answer 8

a fine structure, especially within a cell that can be seen only with an electron microscope

Question 9

cell theory

Answer 9

the idea/fact that all cells arise from pre-existing cells by cell division

Question 10

cytology

Answer 10

the study of cells

Question 11

cell surface membrane

Answer 11

a very thin membrane that surrounds both animal and plant cells

Question 12

partially permeable

Answer 12

allows for controlled exchange between the cell and it’s environment

Question 13

nucleus

Answer 13

large structure that contains the nucleolus and chromatin

Question 14

chromatin

Answer 14

chromosomes in a loosely coiled state

Question 15

nucleolus

Answer 15

structure within the nucleus that manufactures ribosomes

Question 16

DNA

Answer 16

deoxyribonucleic acid; self replicating material that carries genetic information

Question 17

cytoplasm

Answer 17

the material (jelly-like) within a living cell, excluding the nucleus

Question 18

organelles

Answer 18

any number of organized/specialized structures within a living cell

Question 19

mitochondria

Answer 19

an organelle found in large numbers in most cells. respiration/energy production occur, has a double membrane. inner layer folds and forms cristae.

Question 20

tonoplast

Answer 20

a membrane that bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell

Question 21

chloroplast

Answer 21

in green plant cells, a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place

Question 22

cell wall

Answer 22

a rigid wall of polysaccharides that lies outside of the plasma membrane of plant cells. it is freely permeable.

Question 23

plasmodesmata

Answer 23

narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells and allows communication between them

Question 24

vacuole

Answer 24

a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid

Question 25

centriole

Answer 25

a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal calls. occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in nuclear division

Question 26

Golgi apparatus

Answer 26

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells. involved in secretion

Question 27

nuclear envelope

Answer 27

the double lipid bi-layer membrane that surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.

Question 28

nuclear pores

Answer 28

large protein complexes that cross the nuclear envelope

Question 29

ribosome

Answer 29

a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in cytoplasm of living cells

Question 30

lysosome

Answer 30

an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degrative enzymes. creates lipids.

Question 31

microvilli

Answer 31

each of a large number of minute projections from the surface of some cells. cilia is shorter and flagella is longer

Question 32

eukaryote

Answer 32

an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the DNA is contained in a nucleus (I.E plants / animals)

Question 33

prokaryote

Answer 33

a microscopic single celled organism that had neither a distinct nucleus or other specialized organelles (I.E bacterium)

Question 34

tissue

Answer 34

any of the distinct types of material of which plants or animals are made. consisting of specialized cells and their products

Question 35

organ

Answer 35

a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function

Question 36

system

Answer 36

a set of organs in the body with a common structure or function

Question 37

mesophyll

Answer 37

the inner tissue of a lead , containing many choloroplasts

Question 38

stomata

Answer 38

any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf of a stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width that allows movement of gases in and out of intercellular spaces

Question 39

xylem

Answer 39

the vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root

Question 40

pholem

Answer 40

the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from leaves

Question 41

sieve tubules

Answer 41

found in phloem cells