Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Intro to Psychology > Chapter 1 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Test Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Glial cells

A

Take away waste products of neurons, keep the neurons chemical enviorment stable, and insulate them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Neurons

A

Responsible for information transmission through out the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dendrites

A

Project out of the cell body like a tree, receives information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell body

A

Contains the nucleolus of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Axon

A

Long fiber leaving cell body, conduct information from the cell body to the axon terminals in order to trigger the transmission of info with other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Myelin sheath

A

An insulating later of a white fatty substance, with the sheath the impulse travels faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Axon terminals

A

Send signals to other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Naturally occurring chemical in the nervous system that specializes in transmitting information between neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Synthetic gap

A

The microscopic gap between neurons across which neurotransmitter a travel to carry their messages to other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Position emission tomography (PET) scan

A

A visual display of the activity levels in various areas in the brain generated by detecting the amount of position emission created by the metabolization of radioactive glucose in each area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

A

A computerized image of the activity levels of various areas in the brain generated by detecting the amount of oxygen brought to each area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Agonists

A

A drug or poison that increases the activity of one or more neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antagonist

A

Drug or poison that decreases the activity of one or more neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

A neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, and muscle movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dopamine

A

A neurotransmitter involved in arousal and mood states, thought processes, and physical movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

A disease in which the person had movement problems such as muscle tremors, difficulty initiating movements, and rigidity of movement. These movement problems stem from a scarcity of dopamine in the basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

A protective mechanism by which the blood capillaries supplying the brain create a barrier that prevents dangerous substances access to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

L-dope

A

A drug for Parkinson’s diesease that contains the precursors to dopamine so that once it is in the brain, it will be converted to dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Serotonin and norepinephrine

A

Neurotransmitters involved in levels of arousal and mood, sleep, and eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhabitors (SSRs)

A

Anti-depressant drugs that achieve their agnostic effect on serotonin and norepinephrine by selectively blocking their reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

A

The main inhibitor neurotransmitter in the nervous system. it is involved in lowering arousal and anxiety and regulating movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glutamate

A

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. It is involved in memory storage, pain perception, strokes and schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Endorphins

A

A group of neurotransmitters that are involved in pain relief and feelings of pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

The brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
The part of the nervous system that links the CNS with the body's sensory receptors muscles and glands
25
Interneourons
The neurons that integrate information within the CNS through their communication with each other and between sensory and motor neurons in the spinal cord
26
Sensory neurons
Neurons in the PNS that carry information to the CNS from sensory receptors muscles and glands
27
Motor neurons
Neurons in the PNS that carry movement commands from the CNS out to the rest of the body
28
Spinal cord
The conduit between the brain and the PNS for incoming sensory data and outgoing movement commands to the muscles
29
Spinal reflex
A simple automatic action of the spinal cord not requiring involvement of the brain. such as the knee-jerk relief
30
Somatic (skeletal) nervous system
The part of the PNS that carries sensory input from receptors to the CNS and relays commands from the CNS to skeletal muscles to control their movement
31
Autonomic nervous system
The part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of our internal environment (heart, lungs, stomach)
32
Sympathetic nervous system
The part of the autonomic nervous system that returns the body to its normal resting state after having been highly aroused, as in an emergency
33
Endocrine glandular system
The bodies other major communication system. Communication is achieved through hormones that are secreted by the endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream to their target sites
34
Hormone
A chemical messenger that is produced by an endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to the target tissues throughout the body
35
Pituitary gland
The most influential gland in the endocrine glandular system. It releases hormones for human growth and hormones that direct other endocrine glands to release their hormones
36
Emotion
The complex psychological state that involves a state of physiological arousal and an outward behavioral expression of emotion and a cognitive appraisal of the situation to determine the specific emotion and its intensity
37
James-Lange theory
A theory of emotion proposing that an emotion is determined from a cognitive appraisal of the psychological arousal and behavioral responses which occur first
38
Cannon-bard theory
A theory of emotion proposing that an emotion is determined from simultaneously occurring psychological arousal, behavioral responses, and cognitive appraisal
39
Schachter-singer two factor theory
A theory of Emotion proposing that an emotion is determined by cognitive appraisal of the physiological arousal and the entire environmental situation
40
Medulla
A brainstem structure involved in many essential body functions such as heartbeat beating, blood pressure digestion and swallowing
41
Pons
A brainstem structure that serves as a bridge between the cerebellum be and the rest of the brain and is involved in sleep and dreaming
42
Reticular formation
A network of neurons running up the center of the brainstem that is responsible for our different levels of arousal and consciousness
43
Cerebellum
A part of the brain involved in the coordination of our movements, sense of balance, and motor learning
44
Thalamus
A part of the brain that serves as a relay station for incoming sensory information
45
Basal ganglia
A part of the brain that is involved in the initiation and execution of movements
46
Limbic system
A group of brain structures that play an important role in our survival, memory, and emotions
47
Hypothalamus
A part of the brain that is involved in regulating basic drives such as eating, drinking, and sex. It also directs the endocrine glandular system through it's control of the pituitary gland and the autonomic nervous system to maintain the body's internal environment
48
Hippocampus
A part of the brain involved in the formation of memories
49
Amygdala
A part of the brain that is involved in emotions by influencing aggression, anger, and fear and by providing the emotional element of our memories and the interpretation of emotional expressions in others
50
Cerebral cortex
The layers of interconnected cells covering the brains two hemispheres. Where perception, memory, language, decision-making, and all other higher-level cognitive processing occurs
51
Corpus callosum
The bridge of neurons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres
52
Frontal lobe
In the front of the brain. The motor cortex is in this lobe
53
Parietal lobe
The somatosensory cortex is in this lope
54
Motor cortex
In the frontal lobe allows us to move different parts of our body
55
Somatosensory cortex
In the Parietal lobe allows us to sense pressure, temperature, and pain in different parts of our body as well as the position of our body parts
56
Temporel lobe
Includes primary auditory cortex where auditory sensory information is initially processed
57
Occipital lobe
includes primary visual cortex where visual sensory information is initially processed
58
Frontal lobe
Includes motor cortex which allows us to move the different parts of our body
59
Parietal lobe
Where our bodies sensations of touch, temperature, limb position, and pain are processed
60
Association cortex
All of the cerebral cortex except those areas devoted to primary sensory processing or motor processing. This is where all the higher-level cognitive processing that requires the Association of information such as perception and language occurs
61
Broca's area
An area in the cerebral cortex responsible for fluent speech production. It is in the left frontal lobe of the majority of people, regardless of handedness
62
Wernickes area
An area in the cerebral cortex responsible for comprehension of speech and text. It is in the left temporal lobe of the majority of people, regardless of handedness
63
Consciousness
And individuals subjective awareness of their inner thinking and feeling and their external environment
64
REM (rapid eye movement) sleep
(Stage 5) The stage of sleep that is characterized by rapid eye movement and brainwave patterns that resembled those for an awake state and in which most dreaming occurs.
65
How long does the sleep cycle last
90 min
66
How long does REM sleep last
20-25 min
67
Stage 4
Delta waves
68
Stage 2
Spindle (bursts of activity)
69
Stage 1 sleep lasts
5 min
70
Stage 2 sleep lasts
20 min
71
Stage sleep 4 lasts
30 min.

Intro to Psychology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions