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Appreciation To World Music > Chapter 1 Terms To Know > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Terms To Know Flashcards

1
Q

What is Biphony?

A

Texture with two distinct lines, the lower sustaining a continuous pitch (drone) while the other performs a more elaborate melody above it.

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2
Q

What is Homophony?

A

Texture with a melody supported by other vocal or instrumental parts, all of which move along in roughly the same rhythm.

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3
Q

What is Polyphony?

A

Combination of two or more different melodic lines.

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4
Q

What are Polyrhythms?

A

Several contrasting rhythmic patterns played simultaneously.

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5
Q

What is Heterophony?

A

Two or more voices or instruments produce almost the same melody at almost the same time; the parts are often ornamented differently.

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6
Q

What is Form in music?

A

The shape or structure of music.

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7
Q

What is Strophic?

A

Song structure in which all verses of text are set to the same melody.

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8
Q

What is a Refrain?

A

Fixed stanza of text and music that recurs between verses of a strophic song.

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9
Q

What are some examples of musical forms?

A

Ballad, Middle Eastern sama’i.

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10
Q

What is Composition?

A

Process of creating music.

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11
Q

What is Improvisation?

A

Spontaneous creation of music during performance.

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12
Q

What is pitch?

A

The relative highness or lowness of a sound, determined by frequency of the sound vibration.

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13
Q

What is the range in music?

A

The overall compass of pitches from highest to lowest that an instrument or voice can produce.

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14
Q

What is an interval?

A

The distance between pitches.

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15
Q

What is a scale?

A

A set of pitches arranged in order of ascent and descent.

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16
Q

What is a raga?

A

A type of scale in music.

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17
Q

What is a mode?

A

A type of scale in music.

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18
Q

What is a pentatonic scale?

A

A type of scale in music.

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19
Q

What is melody?

A

Organized pitches in meaningful units.

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20
Q

What is conjunct motion in melody?

A

Melody moves in close and regular intervals in a stepwise pattern.

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21
Q

What is disjunct motion in melody?

A

Melody moves mainly in larger intervals.

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22
Q

What can melodies be?

A

Melodies can be decorated or ornamented.

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23
Q

What are melodies made up of?

A

Melodies are made up of phrases.

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24
Q

What is duration in music?

A

The time element of music.

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25
What is pulse in music?
A regular beat, like a heartbeat.
26
What is rhythm?
General temporal organization of music.
27
What is tempo?
Music's rate of speed.
28
What is meter?
Hierarchical durational system divided into groups of beats called measures.
29
What is a simple meter?
Two, three, or four beats per measure.
30
What is a compound meter?
Six, nine, or twelve beats per measure.
31
What is syncopation?
Rhythmic effect that provides an unexpected accent, often by temporarily unsettling the meter through a change in the established pattern of stressed and unstressed beats.
32
What do many cultures use in their music?
Many cultures use irregular or asymmetrical meters.
33
What is free rhythm?
Some music is so flexible in its rhythmic organization that it is said to have free rhythm.
34
What is texture in music?
The vertical structure of music, the perceived relationship of simultaneous musical sounds.
35
What is monophony?
Individual voice or instrument is performing alone (solo), or more than one voice or instrument sings or plays exactly the same melody.
36
What is the Sachs-Hornbostel system?
A four-part classification system based on the means by which instruments produce sound, with a fifth category added later.
37
What are idiophones?
Self-sounding instruments; the material of which they are made is set into vibration.
38
What are chordophones?
Instruments where the sound source is one or more vibrating strings. ## Footnote Examples include lutes, harps, lyres, and zithers.
39
What are lutes?
Chordophones with a neck and body parallel to the strings.
40
What is a harp?
A chordophone with a soundboard to which strings are attached at an angle.
41
What is a lyre?
A chordophone with two distinctive arms and a crossbar running between them to which the strings are attached.
42
What is a zither?
A chordophone with a flat body to which strings are attached parallel to the body.
43
What are aerophones?
Instruments in which an enclosed column of air vibrates to produce sound; they have an opening or mouthpiece through which the player blows air. ## Footnote Examples include endblown, transverse, free reeds, and free aerophones.
44
What are membranophones?
Instruments characterized by a membrane (drumhead) stretched across one or both ends. ## Footnote Classified by shape, attachment methods, and ways sound is produced.
45
What are electrophones?
Instruments whose sound is produced or modified electronically.
46
What is intensity in music?
The loudness or softness of a sound, also known as volume or dynamics.
47
How can intensity be measured?
By a decibel meter.
48
What are terms for intensity levels in Balinese gamelan?
Keras refers to a strong, loud sound, while manis is a sweet, soft sound.
49
What are terms for intensity levels in Western classical music?
Forte refers to a loud sound, while piano refers to a soft sound.
50
What is music?
Music can be defined as organized sound that is meaningful to people within a specific time and place. ## Footnote Some define music as organized sound with a melody, while others define it by rhythm.
51
How do different cultures define similar sounds?
Closely related music cultures can categorize the same sounds differently. ## Footnote For example, the Inuit define their katajjaq as a vocal game, while closely related Chukchi and Ainu people consider similar songs to be music.
52
What is the quality of sound?
Quality refers to the distinctiveness of a particular voice or instrument, also called tone color or timbre.
53
What is vibrato?
Vibrato is a purposeful vibration of the tone.
54
What is a straight tone?
A straight tone is a sound with little or no vibrato.
55
What does a raspy voice indicate?
A raspy voice is rough or gruff in quality in a singing voice.
56
What is chest voice?
Chest voice produces a low, powerful, throaty vocal production, often heard in rock music.
57
What is head voice?
Head voice produces a light, high tone that resonates in the head.
58
What is falsetto?
Falsetto is the male head voice, produced by singing in a high register above the normal male singing range.
59
What is nasal quality in sound?
Nasal quality is produced by using the sinuses and mask of the face as sound resonators.
60
What is a gamelan?
A gamelan is a large Indonesian instrumental ensemble.
61
What are steel drums?
Steel drums are instruments made from modified oil drums, known as pans, originating from Trinidad.
62
What is a shakuhachi?
A shakuhachi is a Japanese flute associated with court and Zen monks.
63
How can instruments be associated with gender?
Different instruments may be closely identified with either men or women.
64
What role do instruments play in ethnic and national identity?
Instruments that are markers of ethnic and national identity can attain deeper associations as people emigrate, such as the Armenian duduk.
65
What is organology?
Organology is the study of musical instruments.

Appreciation To World Music (1 decks)

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