Chapter 1 Terms & Questions

Question 1

What is the biomedical model?

Answer 1

— Change in defining health is the 3rd challenge health psychology addresses
— Views health as the absence of disease
— Disease results from a specific pathogen

Question 2

What is the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 2

— The 4th challenge is the emergence of this model
— The approach to health that includes the biological, psychological, and social influences.
— Says many diseases result from a combo of factors (physiological, stress, genetics, social support, etc.)

Question 3

Chronic disease

Answer 3

— Currently the leading cause of mortality in the US.
— Long-lasting diseases that can be controlled and not cured.
— ie., heart disease, cancer, stroke

Question 4

Health Psychology

Answer 4

— Developed to meet the changing field of health and health care.
— 2 of 2 branches from psychosomatic movement
— Examines how people’s lifestyles affect their physical health.
— Gives input into:
1. Health Enhancement
2. Disease, Prevention, & Treatment
3. Identifying Health Risk Factors
4. Health Care System Improvement
5. Shaping Public Opinion Regarding Health

Question 5

Life Expectancy

Answer 5

— Challenge #1 that health psychology addresses.
— 100 years ago, it was 50 years.
— Today it’s nearly 80.
— US is 34th in world life expectancy.

Question 6

Pathogen

Answer 6

— Any disease-causing organism.

Question 7

The World Health Organization’s definition of Health

Answer 7

— Says health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not only the absence of pathogens

Question 8

Psychology

Answer 8

— The scientific study of behavior

Question 9

Behavioral Medicine

Answer 9

— 1 of 2 branches that came from the psychosomatic movement

— Combines biomedical & behavioral science (esp. psychology), therefore an interdisciplinary

— Deals with prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation (PDTR)

Question 10

Does psychology and sociology contribute DIRECTLY to physical outcomes?

Answer 10

— No. Only biological factors contribute DIRECTLY to physical health and disease.

Question 11

Is behavioral medicine a branch of psychology?

Answer 11

— No.
— Behavioral medicine is 1of 2 fields that came from the psychosomatic movement

Question 12

Contributions to changes in life expectancy

Answer 12

— Improvements in public sanitation
— Vaccines (disease prevention) & treatments for many infectious diseases
— Decrease in infant mortality

Question 13

Cost of Medical Care

Answer 13

— 2nd challenge that health psychology addresses
— Has risen 700+% since 1970 (faster than inflation)
— Having more middle aged people living with chronic disease raises the money spent on treatment & care

Question 14

Walter Cannon’s psychosomatic contribution

Answer 14

— He saw that emotions can cause biological changes that can cause disease

Question 15

Helen Dunbar’s psychosomatic contribution

Answer 15

— She saw a connection between personality type and disease

Question 16

Franz Alexander’s psychosomatic contribution

Answer 16

— He saw emotional conflict as a precursor to certain diseases

Question 17

Psychosomatic

Answer 17

— Aggravated by a mental or internal factor/ stress