Chapter 1 Terms Flashcards
Psychology
Scientists study of behavioral and mental processes; science, behavior, mental processes
Science
Systematic methods used to observe human behavior and draw conclusions
Behavior
Anything a person does that can be directly observed
Mental processes
Feelings, thoughts, and motives that are privately experienced but can’t be observed directly
Critical thinking
Process of thinking actively and deeply by asking questions and evaluating evidence
Empirical method
Gaining knowledge from observing events, data collected and logically reasoning
Wilhelm Wundt
Structuralism, he created the first psychology laboratory
William James
Functionalism, founder of psychodynamic approach
Structuralism
Elemental parts and structure of human mind
Functionalism
Purpose and function of mind and behavior in certain environments
Biological Approach
Examination of behavioral and mental processes, in the brain and nervous system
Neuroscience
Study of the structure, function, genetics, development, and biochemistry in the nervous system
Behavioral approach
Observable behavior responses and the environment, focusing on visible organisms behavior
Psychodynamic Approach
An unconscious thought, conflict between biological
Humanistic Approach
A persons positive qualities; positive growth and freedom in choosing their destiny
Cognitive Approach
Mental process in knowing how to direct attention, remember, think, perceive and solve problems
Evolutionary Approach
Evolutionary ideas; reproduction, adaptation, natural selection to explain certain human behaviors
Sociocultural Approach
Influence of cultural and social environments to behavior
Biopsychosocial Approach
Behavior influenced by biological, sociocultural and psychological factors
Variable
Changeable
Theory
An idea related to observations
Hypothesis
Testable prediction from a theory
Operational definition
Description of how variable will be measured and observed in study
Descriptive Research; Case Study/history
Depth look into a single individual
Correlational Research; correlational research
Relationships between variables, purpose or examine how variables change together
Experiment
A procedure that a variable or more influence another variable
Random Assignment
Assign participants by chance
Independent Variable
Experimental factor
Dependent Variable
The outcome, it can change the experiment in response
Experimental Group
Participants who receive treatment
Control Group
A comparison against the testing group
Placebo Effect
Participants expectations make an outcome
Placebo
Harmless substance with no physiological effect
Population
A group to used to draw conclusions
Sample
Subset population choose to be studied
Random Sample
Each member of a population fairly given a chance to be selected
Naturalistic Observation
Observing behaviors at a real world setting
