Chapter 1-terms Flashcards
What is analytical chemistry?
It is a measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas and methods that are useful in all fields of science, engineering, and medicine.
When was the rover Curiosity launched?
In the late 2011
When did the rover Curiosity arrive on Mars?
August 6, 2012
What is the goal of the rover Curiosity?
To survey carbon compound sources, search for organic compounds important to life, reveal the chemical and isotopic states of several elements, determine the composition of the Martin atmosphere, and search for noble gas and light element isotopes.
This analysis establishes the chemical identity of the species in the sample.
Qualitative analysis
This analysis indicates the amount of each substance in a sample.
Quantitative analysis
These are the components of a sample that are determined
Analytes
What are the two analytical instruments that incorporate a separation step as a necessary part of the analytical process?
Gas chromatography and mass spectrometer
Chemistry is also often called as the (blank)
The central science
What are the two measurements that are used to compute the results of a typical quantitative analysis?
The mass or the volume of sample being analyzed
quantity that is proportional to the amount of analyte in the sample such as mass, volume, intensity of light, or electrical charge.
What are the four quantitative analytical methods?
gravimetric methods
volumetric methods
electroanalytical methods
spectroscopic methods
When do we use gravimetric methods?
To determine the mass of the analyte or some compound chemically related to it.
When do we use the volumetric methods?
To measure the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react completely with the analyte.
When do we use electroanalytical methods?
To measure electrical properties such as potential, current, resistance, and quantity of electrical charge.
When do we use spectroscopic methods?
To explore the interactions between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules or the emission of radiation b analytes.
What is the essential first step in any quantitative analysis?
The selection of a method
What is one of the first questions that must be considered in the selection process?
The level of accuracy required.
Time and money are proportional to the accuracy and high reliability of the analysis.
When can a material be considered heterogeneous?
If its constituent parts can be distinguished visually or with the aid of a microscope.
Examples of heterogeneous are: coal, animal tissue, and soil
What is an assay?
It is the process of determining how much of a given sample is the material by its indicated name.
What is sampling?
It is the process of collecting a small mass of a material whose composition accurately represents the bulk of the material being sampled.
What are portions of a material of approximately the same seize that are carried through an analytical procedure at the same time and in the same way
Replicates
It improves the quality of the results and provides a measure of their reliability
Replication
It is a species other than the analyte that affect the final measurement.
Interferences
What is interference?
It is a species that causes an error in an analysis by enhancing or attenuating (making smaller) the quantity being measured.
What is the matrix or sample matrix
It is the collection of all of the components in the sample containing an analyte.
Techniques or reactions that work for only one analyte are said to be what?
Specific
Techniques or reactions that apply to only a few analytes are said to be what?
Selective
It is the process of determining k is an important step in most analyses; this step is called?
calibration
it is the process of determining the proportionality between analyte concentration and a measured quantity
Calibration
What is a feedback system?
The process of continuous measurement and control.
What is a feedback loop?
It is the cycle of measurement, comparison, and control.
