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A&P1 > Chapter 1: Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

    ⚛️
A

The smallest unit of matter that combined to form cells

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2
Q

Chemical

A

Substance with a distinct molecular composition

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3
Q

Organelle

A

Structural units within cells that have specific functions

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4
Q

Cell

A

The basic structure unit of living organisms

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5
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells working together to perform a function

examples:blood bone

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6
Q

Organ

A

Group of tissues working together to perform a function

Example; heart

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7
Q

Organ system

A

Group of organs working together to perform a function

Example; nervous system muscular system

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8
Q

Organism

A

Group of systems working together
Example; human
🕺🏽

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9
Q

Integumentary system F&O

A

Function; protect against environment regulate body temp, sensory info
Major organ; skin, sweat glands, nail

🌎🌡🥲

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10
Q

Skeletal system F&O

A

Function; support/protection for tissues, store calcium/minerals, forms blood cells
Major organ; bones, Cartilage,associated ligaments, bone marrow

🦴🦴

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11
Q

Muscular system F&O

A

Function; provides movement, protects tissue, generates heat/body temp
Major organ; skeletal muscles associated tendons

💃🏽🤧🥵

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12
Q

Nervous system Function & Organs

A

Function; response to stimuli,moderate activities of organs, provide/interpret sensory info
Major organ; brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sensory organs
🧠👁🤬📿

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13
Q

Endocrine system Function & Organs

A

Function; adjust metabolism,control structural and functional changes in the body

Major organ; pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, testes

🍟💨👩🏽‍⚖️🪜

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14
Q

Cardiovascular system F&O

A

Function; distributes blood cells, water etc., distributes heat, controls body temp
Major organs; heart, blood, blood vessels

🩸💧🥵🌡

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15
Q

Lymphatic system F&O

A

Function; defense against infection returns fluids to bloodstream

Major organ; spleen, times, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils

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16
Q

Respiratory system F&O

A

Function; air to Alveoli, provides oxygen to bloodstream, remove CO2 from bloodstream
Major organs; nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

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17
Q

Digestive system F&O

A

Function; digest foods, absorbs water, stored energy

Major organ; teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder

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18
Q

Urinary system F&O

A

Function; excretes waste, controls water balance, stores urine, regulates blood and PH
Major organ; kidneys, uterus, bladder, urethra

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19
Q

Male reproductive system F&O

A

Function; produce sperm, seminal fluids, hormones, sex

Major organ; testes, epididymides, ducts diffrentia, Seminal vesicles

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20
Q

Female reproductive system F&O

A

Function; produces female sex cells, developing embryo, milk, sex
Major organ; ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, Vagina labia, clitoris, memory glands

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21
Q

In anatomical position, the palms are facing?

A

Forward.

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22
Q

Why is it important than medical professionals describe the human body in this position

A

To be able to clearly talk about different parts of moving organisms no matter how they are moving or what position they are in

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23
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

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24
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

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25
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

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26
Q

Ocular

A

Eye

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27
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

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28
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

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29
Q

Facial

A

Face

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30
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

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31
Q

Pelvic

A

Pelvis

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32
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest

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33
Q

Axillary

A

Armpits

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34
Q

Mammary

A

Breast

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35
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

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36
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

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37
Q

Digital (phalangeal)

A

Fingers

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38
Q

Patellar

A

Knee cap

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39
Q

Abdominal

A

Abdomen

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40
Q

Umbilical

A

Navel

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41
Q

Antecubital

A

Front of elbow

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42
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

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43
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

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44
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

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45
Q

Manual

A

Hand

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46
Q

Mental

A

Chin

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47
Q

Pubic

A

Pubis

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48
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

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49
Q

Coxal

A

Tailbone

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50
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

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51
Q

Vertebral

A

Spine

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52
Q

Acromial

A

Shoulder

53
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

54
Q

Crural

A

Leg

55
Q

Pectoral

A

Peck muscle

56
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

57
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

58
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of knee

59
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel of foot

60
Q

Peroneal (Fibular)

A

Outer calf

61
Q

Perineal

A

Abdominal cavity

62
Q

Olecranal

A

Back of elbow

63
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower back bone

64
Q

Gluteal

A

But cheek

65
Q

Sural

A

Calf

66
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

67
Q

Sternal

A

Sternum

68
Q

Anterior

A

Front of the body

69
Q

Ventral

A

Belly side

70
Q

Dorsal (Direction)

A

To the back

71
Q

Posterior

A

The back of surface

72
Q

Cephalic (Cranial)

A

Toward the head

73
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

74
Q

Inferior

A

Below; toward feet

75
Q

Superior

A

Above, toward the head

76
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

77
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

78
Q

Distal

A

Away from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

79
Q

Proximal

A

Toward the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

80
Q

Superficial

A

At, near, close to the body surface

81
Q

Deep

A

Toward the interior of the body

82
Q

Visceral w/n

A

Relating to organs within the body cavities

83
Q

Parietal

A

Relating to Body cavity wall

84
Q

Bilateral

A

Both sides of the body

85
Q

Contralateral

A

Pertaining to the other side

86
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body

87
Q

The heart is medial to the?

A

Lungs.

88
Q

The carpal region is? To the brachial Region

A

Proximal.

89
Q

Two tumors located in the right kidney will be? Tumors

A

Visceral

90
Q

Transverse or horizontal section

A

Cross section

91
Q

Sagittal section

A

Left and right parts

92
Q

Mid sagittal section

A

Equal in left and right halves

93
Q

Frontal or coronal section

A

Anterior and posterior parts

94
Q

Would it be Possible to make a transverse section of the abdominal cavity without cutting through the stomach

A

Yes, cut would go across

95
Q

Is it possible to make a sagittal section of the thoracic cavity without cutting through the heart

A

Yes

96
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

Divided into two cavities that house the central nervous system the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

97
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Contains the brain

98
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Contains the spinal cord

99
Q

What are the cranial cavity and spinal cavity line by?

A

The cavities are lined by meninges, connective tissues that protect the organs inside these cavities

100
Q

The dorsal cavity is surrounded by bone. Why is that important, based on what you know about human anatomy?

A

The dorsal body cavity is totally surrounded by bone and provides very good protection for the section it contains.

101
Q

Ventral(front,belly side) cavity consist of ?

A

Consist of two main cavity separated by the mediastinum

102
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Lungs: covered by tissues called pluera

103
Q

Where is visceral(W/N) pleura located?

A

Covering the mediastinum surface and the inner body wall.

104
Q

Mediastinum

A

Space between the lungs. The trachea, esophagus, heart, and great vessels of the heart are found there.

105
Q

What is the term for the tissue that surrounds the heart?

A

Pericardium; has a visceral layer and a parade or layer

106
Q

Abdominal pelvic cavity Is line by tissues called?

A

Peritoneum

107
Q

Where is this Visceral peritoneum located?

A

Wrapped around the internal organs located inside the inter-peritoneal cavity

108
Q

Where is parietal (body cavity wall) peritoneum located?

A

Portion lined the abdominal pelvic cavities, thoracic cavity

109
Q

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

A

Contains digestive organs (stomach, liver, intestines)

110
Q

Pelvic cavity:

A

Contains the reproductive organs.

111
Q

Homeostasis:

A

Maintaining a stable environment.

112
Q

What regulatory systems maintain homeostasis?

A

Endocrine system, nervous system.

113
Q

What is the function of an Endocrine Organ:

A

And endocrine organ makes a hormone that travels with the blood to act on another part of the body

114
Q

Nervous system:

A

Consist of nerves (controlled by the brain), and provides a quick response

115
Q

What are two types of homeostasis responses?

A

Negative and positive feedback.

116
Q

Negative feedback:

A

Body maintains in normal range, or setpoint.
Example: when the body is cold negative feedback will make it shiver, when the body is hot negative feedback will make it sweat.

117
Q

What homeostatic mechanism helps restore normal temperature when body temperature is low?

A

Hypothalamus sends signal to shiver.

118
Q

What is the purpose of shivering? Sweating?

A

Maintaining homeostasis.

119
Q

Body temperature is primarily control by?

A

The nervous system.

120
Q

What homeostatic mechanism helps restore normal glucose my blood sugar is low?

A

Pancreas secretes more insulin.

121
Q

Positive feedback;

A

Initial change causes an even greater change
Example: labor and delivery, release of oxytocin causes stronger contraction: blood clotting; positive feedback accelerate clotting until clock can stop bleeding.

122
Q

Why aren’t positive feedback mechanisms very common in the human body?

A

It seems to produce extreme responses.

123
Q

What are the nine regions?

A

The right hypochondriac, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right Inguinal region, hypogastric pubic region, left inguinal region.

124
Q

What are the four Quadrants

A

Right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant.

125
Q

Name one Oregon that is found in the right hypochondriac region

A

Liver

126
Q

Describe the position of epigastric region relative to the hypogastric region

A

The epigastric region is superior to The hypogastric region

127
Q

In which region could you find the umbilicus

A

The umbilical region

128
Q

In which quadrant could you find the spleen?

A

Left upper quadrant

129
Q

In which quadrant is the appendix Found?

A

Right lower quadrant

A&P1 (3 decks)

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