Chapter 1- terminology

Question 1

Health:

Answer 1

The condition of performing vital functions normally.

Question 2

Disease:

Answer 2

The deviation from normal structure and function.

Question 3

Homeostasis:

Answer 3

The relative stable internal conditions in response to change.

Question 4

Pathology:

Answer 4

The study of disease

Question 5

Pathologist:

Answer 5

One who studies and interprets the changes caused by disease

Question 6

Signs:

Answer 6

Evidence of disease observed on a physical exam.

Question 7

Symptoms:

Answer 7

Indications of a disease reported by the patient.

Question 8

Syndrome:

Answer 8

Abnormal structure or function characterized by a group of signs or

Example: AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Question 9

Disorder:

Answer 9

Functional abnormality not necessarily linked to a cause.

Example; ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactive disorder)

Question 10

Diagnosis:

Answer 10

The princess of identifying a disorder or disease.

Question 11

Prognosis:

Answer 11

States the chances for recovery and predicts permanent loss.

Question 12

Acute:

Answer 12

Sudden onset and short duration.

Example: influenza, measles, and the common cold.

Question 13

Chronic:

Answer 13

Slower less severe onset and long duration.

Example: heart disease, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, and cancer.

Question 14

Terminal:

Answer 14

Disease that will end in death.

Question 15

Remission:

Answer 15

A period during which signs and symptoms subside or disappear.

Question 16

Relapse: (rue from Euphoria)

Answer 16

Return of a disease weeks or months after its apparent cure.

Question 17

Exacerbation:

Answer 17

A period during which signs and symptoms grow more severe.

Question 18

Complication:

Answer 18

A related disease or abnormal state that develops when already suffering from a disease.

Question 19

Séquela:

Answer 19

The aftermath of a particular disease.

Example: sterility may be a séquela of continuous pelvic inflammatory diseases,

*permanent damage to heart tissue may be a séquela of rheumatic fever.

Question 20

Mortality:

Answer 20

The number of deaths that occur with a certain disease.

Question 21

Morbidity:

Answer 21

The number of causes of a disease in a population.

Question 22

Incidence:

Answer 22

The rate of occurrence of a new case of a particular disease in a population being studied.

Question 23

Prevalence:

Answer 23

The percentage of a population affected with a disease at a given time.

Question 24

Epidemiology:

Answer 24

The study of the occurrence, transmission, destination, and control of disease.

Question 25

Etiology:

Answer 25

The cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a particular disease.

Question 26

Pathogenesis:i

Answer 26

Is the description of how the cause of the disease leads to the anatomical and physiological changes in the body that ultimately results in the disease

Question 27

Idiopathic:

Answer 27

Is a disease that has NO known cause.

Question 28

Hereditary:

Answer 28

Abnormality in an individual’s genes or chromosomes.

Question 29

Congenital:

Answer 29

Existence at or date from birth, can be acquired through hereditary or acquired during development in the uterus.

Question 30

Degenerative:

Answer 30

Function or structure of the affected tissue or organs progressively deteriorates over time.

Question 31

Inflammatory:

Answer 31

Autoimmune and allergic reactions tissues or organs progressively deteriorates over time.

Question 32

Neoplastic:

Answer 32

Results from abnormal growth that leads to the formation of tumors.

Question 33

Metabolic:

Answer 33

disruption of normal metabolism the process of converting food into energy on a cellular level.

Question 34

Traumatic:

Answer 34

Physical or chemical injury.

Question 35

Nutritional:

Answer 35

Over or under consumption of nutrients

Question 36

Risk factors increases a person’s chance of developing a disease.

A risk factor is NOT the
same as the etiology of the disease should someone contact that disease.

Answer 36

some risk factores include:

1. Environmental
2. Chemical
3. Physiological
4. Genetic

Question 37

The two leading risk factors for many diseases are Cigarette smoking tobacco use and alcohol consumption.

Example: cigarette smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer.

Answer 37

Four modifiable risk factors:

1. Lack of physical activity
2. Poor nutrition
3. Tobacco use
   Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 38

7 steps that can promote long healthy lives and decreases the burden of disease:

Answer 38

1). Be physically active
2). Eat wisely.
3). Maintain healthy weight.
4). Be tobacco free
5). Be proactive in getting recommended screening and tests.
6). Manage stress
7). Limit alcohol use.

Question 39

Treatment aims to cure a disease or reduce the severity of its signs and symptoms

Answer 39

Not all diseases are curable and in some cases the cause is UNKNOWN.

Some treatments are said to be symptomatic, designed to relieve and manage the symptoms of the disease but not address the cause.

Question 40

Some treatments may be termed palliative, which is to provide comfort and relieve pain. Many terminally ill patients will be given palliative treatment.

Answer 40

Treatments can include:

Pharmacological procedures,
Specific drugs
Surgical intervention to correct anatomical and physiological abnormalities
Psychiatric and physiological treatment for mental disorders.