Chapter 1- terminology Flashcards
Health:
The condition of performing vital functions normally.
Disease:
The deviation from normal structure and function.
Homeostasis:
The relative stable internal conditions in response to change.
Pathology:
The study of disease
Pathologist:
One who studies and interprets the changes caused by disease
Signs:
Evidence of disease observed on a physical exam.
Symptoms:
Indications of a disease reported by the patient.
Syndrome:
Abnormal structure or function characterized by a group of signs or
Example: AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Disorder:
Functional abnormality not necessarily linked to a cause.
Example; ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactive disorder)
Diagnosis:
The princess of identifying a disorder or disease.
Prognosis:
States the chances for recovery and predicts permanent loss.
Acute:
Sudden onset and short duration.
Example: influenza, measles, and the common cold.
Chronic:
Slower less severe onset and long duration.
Example: heart disease, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, and cancer.
Terminal:
Disease that will end in death.
Remission:
A period during which signs and symptoms subside or disappear.
Relapse: (rue from Euphoria)
Return of a disease weeks or months after its apparent cure.
Exacerbation:
A period during which signs and symptoms grow more severe.
Complication:
A related disease or abnormal state that develops when already suffering from a disease.
Séquela:
The aftermath of a particular disease.
Example: sterility may be a séquela of continuous pelvic inflammatory diseases,
*permanent damage to heart tissue may be a séquela of rheumatic fever.
Mortality:
The number of deaths that occur with a certain disease.
Morbidity:
The number of causes of a disease in a population.
Incidence:
The rate of occurrence of a new case of a particular disease in a population being studied.
Prevalence:
The percentage of a population affected with a disease at a given time.
Epidemiology:
The study of the occurrence, transmission, destination, and control of disease.
Etiology:
The cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a particular disease.
Pathogenesis:i
Is the description of how the cause of the disease leads to the anatomical and physiological changes in the body that ultimately results in the disease
Idiopathic:
Is a disease that has NO known cause.
Hereditary:
Abnormality in an individual’s genes or chromosomes.
Congenital:
Existence at or date from birth, can be acquired through hereditary or acquired during development in the uterus.
Degenerative:
Function or structure of the affected tissue or organs progressively deteriorates over time.
Inflammatory:
Autoimmune and allergic reactions tissues or organs progressively deteriorates over time.
Neoplastic:
Results from abnormal growth that leads to the formation of tumors.
Metabolic:
disruption of normal metabolism the process of converting food into energy on a cellular level.
Traumatic:
Physical or chemical injury.
Nutritional:
Over or under consumption of nutrients
Risk factors increases a person’s chance of developing a disease.
A risk factor is NOT the
same as the etiology of the disease should someone contact that disease.
some risk factores include:
- Environmental
- Chemical
- Physiological
- Genetic
The two leading risk factors for many diseases are Cigarette smoking tobacco use and alcohol consumption.
Example: cigarette smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer.
Four modifiable risk factors:
- Lack of physical activity
- Poor nutrition
- Tobacco use
Excessive alcohol consumption
7 steps that can promote long healthy lives and decreases the burden of disease:
1). Be physically active
2). Eat wisely.
3). Maintain healthy weight.
4). Be tobacco free
5). Be proactive in getting recommended screening and tests.
6). Manage stress
7). Limit alcohol use.
Treatment aims to cure a disease or reduce the severity of its signs and symptoms
Not all diseases are curable and in some cases the cause is UNKNOWN.
Some treatments are said to be symptomatic, designed to relieve and manage the symptoms of the disease but not address the cause.
Some treatments may be termed palliative, which is to provide comfort and relieve pain. Many terminally ill patients will be given palliative treatment.
Treatments can include:
Pharmacological procedures,
Specific drugs
Surgical intervention to correct anatomical and physiological abnormalities
Psychiatric and physiological treatment for mental disorders.
