Chapter 1 - TCP/IP Networking

Question 1

Adjacent-Layer Interaction

Answer 1

One computer, two adjacent layers in a networking model, with the lower layer providing services to the higher layer.

Question 2

De-Encapsulation

Answer 2

Received data over a network, then a device interprets the lower-layer headers, removes the header, revealing the next-higher-layer PDU.

Question 3

Encapsulation

Answer 3

Placement of data from a higher-layer protocol behind the header of the next-lower-layer protocol. For example, an IP packet could be encapsulated in an Ethernet header and trailer before being sent over an Ethernet link.

Question 4

Frame

Answer 4

Data-link header and trailer plus the data encapsulated between the header and trailer.

L2 / Data Link

Question 5

Networking Model

Answer 5

Set of protocols and standards collected into a comprehensive grouping that when followed by the devices in a network, allows all the devices to communicate. Examples include TCP/ IP and OSI.

Question 6

Packet

Answer 6

A logical grouping of bytes that includes the network layer header and encapsulated data, but specifically does not include any headers and trailers below the network layer.

L3 / IP

Question 7

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

Answer 7

An OSI term to refer to a grouping of information. LxPDU x = Layers 1~7

Question 8

Same-Layer Interaction

Answer 8

Communication between two networking devices for the purposes of the functions defined at a particular layer of a networking model.

Question 9

Segment

Answer 9

1) TCP header and its encapsulated data (also called an L4PDU). 2) In TCP, the process of accepting a large chunk of data from the application layer and breaking it into smaller pieces that fit into TCP segments. **3) **In Ethernet, a segment is either a single Ethernet cable or a single collision domain (no matter how many cables are used).