Chapter 1: Taking Charge Of Your Health

Question 0

Define: WELLNESS

Answer 0

WELLNESS = Optimal health and vitality, encompassing all the dimensions of well-being.

Question 1

Define: HEALTH

Answer 1

HEALTH = The overall condition of body or mind and the presence or absence of illness or injury

Question 2

Define: RISK FACTOR

Answer 2

risk factor = A condition that increases one’s chances of disease or injury.

Question 3

Define: MORBIDITY RATE

Answer 3

morbidity rate = The relative incidence of disease among a population.

Question 4

Define: MORTALITY RATE

Answer 4

mortality rate = The number of deaths in a population in a given period of time; usually expressed as a ratio, such as 75 deaths per 1000 members of the population.

Question 5

Define: INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Answer 5

infectious disease = A disease that can spread from person to person; caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses.

Question 6

Define: CHRONIC DISEASE

Answer 6

chronic disease = A disease that develops and continues over a long period of time, such as heart disease or cancer.

Question 7

Define: LIFESTYLE CHOICE

Answer 7

lifestyle choice = A conscious behavior that can increase or decrease a person’s risk of disease or injury; such behaviors include smoking, exercising, eating a healthy diet, and others.

Question 8

Define: HEALTH PROMOTION

Answer 8

health promotion = The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health.

Question 9

Define: DISEASE PREVENTION

Answer 9

disease prevention = The process of providing tools that people and communities need to protect their health by reducing risks; promoting health; preventing disease, injury, and disability; and preparing for new health threats.

Question 10

Define: SEX

Answer 10

sex = The biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women.

Question 11

Define: GENDER

Answer 11

gender = The roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.

Question 12

Define: GENOME

Answer 12

genome = The complete set of genetic material in an individual’s cells.

Question 13

Define: GENE

Answer 13

gene = The basic unit of heredity; a section of genetic material containing chemical instructions for making a particular protein.

Question 14

Define: BEHAVIOR CHANGE

Answer 14

behavior change = A lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy behaviors and working to overcome unhealthy ones.

Question 15

Define: TARGET BEHAVIOR

Answer 15

target behavior = An isolated behavior selected as the object for a behavior change program.

Question 16

Define: SELF-EFFICACY

Answer 16

self-efficacy = The belief in one’s ability to take action and perform a specific task.

Question 17

Define: LOCUS OF CONTROL

Answer 17

locus of control = The figurative “place” a person designates as the source of responsibility for the events in his or her life.

Question 18

What are the six dimensions of wellness?

Answer 18

1. Physical
2. Emotional
3. Intellectual
4. Interpersonal
5. Spiritual
6. Environmental

Question 19

What are the top three causes of death in US?

Answer 19

1. Heart Disease
2. Cancer
3. Stroke

Question 20

What are the goals for the latest HEALTHY PEOPLE Report?

Answer 20

1. Increase quality and years of healthy life

2. Eliminate health disparities among Americans

Question 21

What influence can ETHNICITY on health?

Answer 21

Ethnic minorities have higher rates of death and disability from a complex mix of genetic variations, environmental factors, and health behaviors

Question 22

What influence can INCOME have on health?

Answer 22

Most important predictor of poor health; Lower income Americans receive lower quality health services; they are more likely to suffer poor nutrition, be overweight, smoke/drink/drugs

Question 23

What influence can DISABILITY have on health?

Answer 23

Disabilities can cause activity limitations, obesity, higher rates of depression, lack of health care services

Question 24

What influence can ENVIRONMENT/LOCATION have on health?

Answer 24

Individuals living in rural locations are more likely to be inactive, not use safety belts, obtain preventative health care, have less access to emergency services, higher rates of injury-related death, less likely to have insurance

Question 25

What influence can SEXUAL ORIENTATION have on health?

Answer 25

Emotional wellness and personal safety; LGBT are more likely to have unsafe sex, drug use, depression, suicide, HIV/AIDS

Question 26

What influence can FAMILY HISTORY have on health?

Answer 26

Knowing family history helps determine hereditary conditions that may be health risk (errors in genes responsible for 3,500 hereditary conditions)

Question 27

Notes for personal decision-making and behavior change importance to wellness

Answer 27

1. Understand behavior is problem and can be changed (gather info)
2. Examine current habits (helping/hurting health)
3. Choose a target behavior and work on it systematically
4. Learn about target behavior (risk/benefit)
5. Build motivation (short-term goals
6. Believe in your ability to change (internal locus of control, visualization, self-talk, support system)
7. Identify and overcome key barriers to change (list challenges and develop plan to overcome)
8. Improve readiness to change (stages of change)
9. Dealing with relapse (forgive yourself, note progress, learn from relapse)

Question 28

What are the steps in creating behavior management plan to change health behavior?

Answer 28

1. ​Precontemplation, in which people may deny a problem or feel powerless to change it.
2. ​Contemplation, in which people recognize they have a problem and intend to take action within six months.
3. ​Preparation, involving the creation of a specific plan of action.
4. ​Action, the phase in which change happens.
5. ​Maintenance, a period after a goal has been reached during which people struggle against lapses and relapses. People in this stage have maintained the new behavior for at least six months.
6. ​Termination, when the problem and the temptation to relapse no longer exist.

Question 29

Describe the SMART Criteria for setting realistic goals.

Answer 29

1. ​Specific: Be specific regarding the behavior.
2. ​Measurable: Be certain that your progress is measureable.
3. ​Attainable: Set goals that are within your physical limits.
4. ​Realistic: Manage your expectations in a logical and realistic manner.
5. ​Time frame-specific: Give yourself a reasonable amount of time to reach your goal.