Chapter 1: Taking Charge Of Your Health Flashcards
Define: WELLNESS
WELLNESS = Optimal health and vitality, encompassing all the dimensions of well-being.
Define: HEALTH
HEALTH = The overall condition of body or mind and the presence or absence of illness or injury
Define: RISK FACTOR
risk factor = A condition that increases one’s chances of disease or injury.
Define: MORBIDITY RATE
morbidity rate = The relative incidence of disease among a population.
Define: MORTALITY RATE
mortality rate = The number of deaths in a population in a given period of time; usually expressed as a ratio, such as 75 deaths per 1000 members of the population.
Define: INFECTIOUS DISEASE
infectious disease = A disease that can spread from person to person; caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses.
Define: CHRONIC DISEASE
chronic disease = A disease that develops and continues over a long period of time, such as heart disease or cancer.
Define: LIFESTYLE CHOICE
lifestyle choice = A conscious behavior that can increase or decrease a person’s risk of disease or injury; such behaviors include smoking, exercising, eating a healthy diet, and others.
Define: HEALTH PROMOTION
health promotion = The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health.
Define: DISEASE PREVENTION
disease prevention = The process of providing tools that people and communities need to protect their health by reducing risks; promoting health; preventing disease, injury, and disability; and preparing for new health threats.
Define: SEX
sex = The biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women.
Define: GENDER
gender = The roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
Define: GENOME
genome = The complete set of genetic material in an individual’s cells.
Define: GENE
gene = The basic unit of heredity; a section of genetic material containing chemical instructions for making a particular protein.
Define: BEHAVIOR CHANGE
behavior change = A lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy behaviors and working to overcome unhealthy ones.
Define: TARGET BEHAVIOR
target behavior = An isolated behavior selected as the object for a behavior change program.
Define: SELF-EFFICACY
self-efficacy = The belief in one’s ability to take action and perform a specific task.
Define: LOCUS OF CONTROL
locus of control = The figurative “place” a person designates as the source of responsibility for the events in his or her life.
What are the six dimensions of wellness?
- Physical
- Emotional
- Intellectual
- Interpersonal
- Spiritual
- Environmental
What are the top three causes of death in US?
- Heart Disease
- Cancer
- Stroke
What are the goals for the latest HEALTHY PEOPLE Report?
- Increase quality and years of healthy life
2. Eliminate health disparities among Americans
What influence can ETHNICITY on health?
Ethnic minorities have higher rates of death and disability from a complex mix of genetic variations, environmental factors, and health behaviors
What influence can INCOME have on health?
Most important predictor of poor health; Lower income Americans receive lower quality health services; they are more likely to suffer poor nutrition, be overweight, smoke/drink/drugs
What influence can DISABILITY have on health?
Disabilities can cause activity limitations, obesity, higher rates of depression, lack of health care services
What influence can ENVIRONMENT/LOCATION have on health?
Individuals living in rural locations are more likely to be inactive, not use safety belts, obtain preventative health care, have less access to emergency services, higher rates of injury-related death, less likely to have insurance
What influence can SEXUAL ORIENTATION have on health?
Emotional wellness and personal safety; LGBT are more likely to have unsafe sex, drug use, depression, suicide, HIV/AIDS
What influence can FAMILY HISTORY have on health?
Knowing family history helps determine hereditary conditions that may be health risk (errors in genes responsible for 3,500 hereditary conditions)
Notes for personal decision-making and behavior change importance to wellness
- Understand behavior is problem and can be changed (gather info)
- Examine current habits (helping/hurting health)
- Choose a target behavior and work on it systematically
- Learn about target behavior (risk/benefit)
- Build motivation (short-term goals
- Believe in your ability to change (internal locus of control, visualization, self-talk, support system)
- Identify and overcome key barriers to change (list challenges and develop plan to overcome)
- Improve readiness to change (stages of change)
- Dealing with relapse (forgive yourself, note progress, learn from relapse)
What are the steps in creating behavior management plan to change health behavior?
- Precontemplation, in which people may deny a problem or feel powerless to change it.
- Contemplation, in which people recognize they have a problem and intend to take action within six months.
- Preparation, involving the creation of a specific plan of action.
- Action, the phase in which change happens.
- Maintenance, a period after a goal has been reached during which people struggle against lapses and relapses. People in this stage have maintained the new behavior for at least six months.
- Termination, when the problem and the temptation to relapse no longer exist.
Describe the SMART Criteria for setting realistic goals.
- Specific: Be specific regarding the behavior.
- Measurable: Be certain that your progress is measureable.
- Attainable: Set goals that are within your physical limits.
- Realistic: Manage your expectations in a logical and realistic manner.
- Time frame-specific: Give yourself a reasonable amount of time to reach your goal.
